Detergent builders enzymes

Detergent builder enzyme carrier Ethylene France 2,160,661 1973 Unilever N.V. 

Plasminogens absorption resins Polypeptide carrier Detergent builder enzyme carrier Biologically active protein carrier Protein carrier Water-soluble protein carrier... 

Typically, the amylases used in detergent are derived from bacterial sources. B. licheniformis amylase is particularly desirable for detergent applications as it is highly thermostable and maintains its activity even at high pH. The primary drawback of Bacillus-derived amylases as detergent enzymes is that their stability (and in many cases also their activity) relies on bound Ca. ions.f This is problematic in detergent formulations that must also contain detergent builders to limit water hardness. Oxidation of a methionine residue close to the active site of B. licheniformis amylase is another common stability problem. ... 

Traditionally, powdered and liqnid laundry detergents contained linear alkyl benzene sulfonates, ether sulfates, and alcohol ethoxylates as surfactants, along with builders, enzymes, polymers, and possibly bleaches as additional active ingredients. These formulations dealt weU with different types of dirt and stains under a variety of water conditions. 

The information presented in this chapter is intended to provide a brief overview of the composition, performance, and formulation properties of LAS by itself and in combination with other surfactants. The particular performance synergies and processing characteristics of certain combinations of surfactants are discussed briefly. The examples of mixed active formulations provided herein represent to the best of the author s knowledge the approximate levels of major surfactants in actual household detergent products both past and present. This does not imply that these formulations are complete because many additives, such as bleaches, enzymes, builders, hydrotropes, thickeners, perfumes, and coloring agents, may also be present in varying amounts. 

In general, laundry aids contribute to the effectiveness of laundry detergents and provide unique functions. Laundry aids include builders, bleaches, enzymes, fabric softeners, and optical whiteners. 

Unlike sodium LAS, alcohol ether sulfates are more tolerant to hardness ions and as a result do not require an accompanying high level of builder in the formulation. Figure 8.11 shows the relative insensitivity of AEOS to hardness ions. Small amounts of AEOS when added to LAS were found to improve the interfacial properties. They are more compatible with enzymes, which can also reduce the cost of enzyme stabilizers in the formulation. They are also milder to the skin and, as a result, are frequently used in hand dishwashing applications. The superior detergency performance of this surfactant is demonstrated by its superior efficacy in most stain categories. 

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