Detector techniques

N. Coron, G. Dambier, J. Leblanc Infrared Detector Techniques for Space Research, p. 121, ed. by V. Manno and J. Ring, Reidel, Dordrecht (1971)... 

Campbell, C. and Evans, S. The ion-trap detector—techniques and its application. Finnigan MAT IDT 29. 

As mentioned previously, the scope of photochemical oxidants extends to organic nitrates and other carbonyl compounds. Among the organic nitrates, the one most often cited is peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN). Electron-capture detector techniques applied to the gas chromatt aph were used to measure PAN concentrations in Los Angeles late in 1%5. ... 

A quantitative investigation performed using the HPLC/DAD (Diode Array Detector) technique showed that the amount of degraded octMC-6 was quite high. In contact with 3 mol L 1 nitric acid, the proportion of degradation after an irradiation of 1 MGy was estimated to be 33% in o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) and 88% in dodecane. The quantity of octMC6-N02 reached 50% of degradation products (72). 

McNabb TJ, Cremesti AE, Brown PR, Fischl AA. High-performance liquid chromatography/evaporative light-scattering detector techniques for neutral, polar, and acidic lipid classes a review of methods and detector models. Sem Food Anal 1999 4 53-70. 

A decade ago, while considerable data had been compiled on the kinetic measurement of dissociative recombination (DR) reactions of small polyatomic ions, laboratory information on the product distributions of such reactions was restricted to the results of a few merged-beam and stationary-afterglow studies on DR of C02 and of H( [157,158], and the first explorations of combined flow tube/Langmuir probe/spectroscopic detector techniques, independently pursued by Rowe and co-workers (at Rennes) [159,160] and by Adams and co-work-ers (at Birmingham, and subsequently Atlanta) [161, 162]. Considerable advances have since been made, both in measurement of recombination coefficients (particularly for larger ions) and in the elucidation of product distributions for a still small but growing sample of important IS ions. 

IPRs that hold much promise in this field and also for easy IPC evaporative light scattering detector techniques. 

Figure 22 shows a summary of the data taken with a hybridization buffer. In order to assess the overall benefit of the dual detector technique, five different runs were performed. The following conclusions can be drawn from the data. First, the average signal-to-noise ratio of each 30 s measurement is 27.1 and 27.7 for the raw and normalized fluorescent data, respectively. This is an indication of the system stability during the 30-s-interval and is expected to be the same for both... 

A broad range of developments, generally described as laboratory-on-a-chip technologies, have been described and are being explored in several laboratories.15 A variety of lab-on-a-chip combinations can be used to multiplex a variety of separations with multiple detectors. Techniques such as molecular imprinting offer considerable promise for reducing the cost of these devices while maintain-... 

Each of the methods described in Sect. 2.2.1—2.2.5 requires an accurate absolute determination of the exposure to derive sticking probabilities and this is a notoriously difficult parameter to determine quantitatively. The reflection detector techniques, which involve a direct measurement of the reflection coefficient for incident particles at a solid surface, avoid this difficulty and are therefore considerably more reliable for systems where the sticking coefficient is high (> 0.05). 

Fig. 7. The experimental arrangement for the reflection detector technique for metal films as used by Horgan and King [76],...

Fig. 8. Molecular beam reflection detector technique as used by King and Wells [205].

The first problem to address is that of the experimental and theoretical tools . Single-crystal X-ray crystallography has, of course, been the method of choice for the determination of the solid-state structures of transition metal clusters. Their structural variability, complexity, and even, at times, unpredictability preceded, in terms of experimental challenge, that of large biomolecules and proteins. New scientific challenges such as, on the one hand, the advent of area detector techniques and powerful X-ray radiation sources and, on the other hand, the use of variable temperature techniques, combined with spectroscopic solid-state methods enables in depth investigation of the temperature-dependence of solid-state molecular and crystal structures and the study of their phase transitional behavior. 

Zanini A, Ongaro C, Manfredotti C et al. Neutron spectrometry at various altitudes in atmosphere by passive detector technique. II Nuovo Cimento C 2001 024 471-784. 

Both the frequency-domain and the time-domain techniques can be classified into camera, or direct imaging techniques, and scanning, or point-detector techniques. There are considerable differences between the ways the two detection principles interact with laser scanning. Figure 5.72 shows the excitation of a sample in the focus of a one-photon microscope (left) and a two-photon microscope (right). 

N.Coron, G.Dambier, J.LeBlanc Infrared Detector Techniques for Space Research, ed. by V.Manno and J.Ring (D. Reidel Publishing Co, Dordrecht 1972) pp. 121-131... 

UV-Vis spectroscopy is the most common detector technique used in CE. 

Shen Z, Briens C, Kwauk M, Bergougnou M. Improved thermal conductivity detector technique for helium measurements in a fluidized bed. Powder Technol 69 249 253, 1992. 

The limitations of conventional calibration techniques are addressed by multiple detector techniques. On-line viscometers [10] and light scattering detectors [11, 12] enable more information to be elucidated from a chromatographic run. 

SPECIAL DETECTOR TECHNIQUES Multi-functional Detectors... 

The gas chromatography-microwave plasma detector technique (GC-MPD) has been applied to the analysis of alkyl arsenic acids in environmental samples. 

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