Designer product

Breakeven charts can be plotted in any of the three forms shown in Figs. 9-2, 9-3, and 9-4. The abscissa shown as annual sales volume R is also frequently plotted as a percentage of the designed production or sales capacity Rq. In the case of ships, aircraft, etc., it is then called the percentage utilization. The percentage margin of safety is defined as... 

Quality systems. Model for quality assurance in design, production and servicing etc. 14001/1994 BS EN ISO 9001/1994 9001/1994... 

The need to design production units on a fundamental kinetic basis was recognized for a long time, yet the basic need to distinguish between rates influenced by transport and true chemical rates, was not fully comprehended and came only later. 

Product and process design (product and process datapack)... 

Benefits including improved and rationalized decisions in designing products... 

The Japanese Direct Iron Ore Smelting (DIOS) process. This process produces molten iron directly with coal and sinter feed ore. A 500 ton per day pilot plant was started up in October, 1993 and the designed production rates were attained as a short term average. Data generated is being used to determine economic feasibility on a commercial scale. 

The basic goal of quality management is the elimination of failure both in the concept and in the reality of our products, services, and processes. In an ideal world, if we could design products, services, and processes that could not fail we would have achieved the ultimate goal. Failure means not only that products, services, and processes would fail to fulfill their function but that their function was not what our customers desired. A gold-plated mousetrap that does not fail is not a success if no one needs a gold-plated mousetrap ... 

Design products and services with features that reflect customer needs. 

How do you ensure that the design, production process, installation, servicing, inspection, and test procedures and applicable documentation are compatible with the specified requirements ... 

If the subsequent discovery of a nonconformity will not cause design, production, installation, or operational problems of any nature, a simple identity, carton quantity, and damage check may suffice. An example of this would be stationery. 

Do record all changes to design, products, processes, and measuring devices. 

Objective evidence of the achieved features and characteristics of a product or service and the processes applied to its development, design, production, installation, maintenance, and disposal as well as records of assessments, audits, and other examinations of an organization to determine its capability to achieve given quality requirements. 

What has made these plastic products successful was that there were those that knew the behavior of plastics and how to properly apply this knowledge. Recognize they did not have the tools that make it easier for us to now design products. Now we are more knowledgeable and in the future it will... 

Successful designed products require the combination of various factors that includes sound judgment and knowledge of... 

CIM is the coordination of all stages of manufacturing, which enables the manufacturers to custom design products efficiently and economically, by a computer or a system of computers. 

Designers have the responsibility of being committed to developing experience so that they can function properly. They design products to meet performance and other requirements such as those reviewed in Chapter 4, DESIGNING AND LEGAL MATTER and also RISK. 

Different viscoelastic materials may have considerably different creep behavior at the same temperature. A given viscoelastic material may have considerably different creep behavior at different temperatures. Viscoelastic creep data are necessary and extremely important in designing products that must bear long-term loads. It is inappropriate to use an instantaneous (short load) modulus of elasticity to design such structures because they do not reflect the effects of creep. Viscoelastic creep modulus, on the other hand, allows one to estimate the total material strain that will result from a given applied stress acting for a given time at the anticipated use temperature of the structure. 

As reviewed in the interest of sound design-procedure, the necessary creep information should be procured on the prospective material, under the conditions of product usage. In addition to the creep data, a stress-strain diagram, also at the conditions of product usage, should be obtained. The combined information will provide the basis for calculating the predictability of material performance in the designed product. 

Designing products is usually performed based on experience since most products only require a practical approach (Fig. 1-4). Experience is also used in producing new and complex shaped products usually with the required analytical evaluation that involves stress-strain characteristics of the plastic materials. Testing of prototypes and/or preliminary production products to meet performance requirements is a very viable approach used by many. 

It is necessary to keep an open mind when designing products with plastics, rather than limiting the design to being an exact replica of the metal product. Let us assume from this point on that this approach is accepted, so a more-detailed examination of the needs of the design analysis methods can follow. 

The early development of modern plastic materials (over a century) can be related to the electrical industry. The electronic and electrical industry continues to be not only one of the major areas for plastic applications, they are a necessity in many applications worldwide (2,190). The main reasons is that plastic designed products are generally basically inexpensive, easily shaped, fast production dielectric materials with variable but controllable electrical properties, and jn most cases the plastics are used because they are good insulators (Chapter 5, ELECTRICAL PROPERTY). 

The people who use the designed product expect it to be properly designed to perform satisfactorily in the intended environment for the indicated life, without endangering any person or becoming functionally useless before the end of the predicted life. This, of course, implies that the user does not abuse the product and maintains it properly. It is the responsibility of the designer to provide the user with sufficient information so that one can intelligently use the product and properly maintain it. No product can be guaranteed to perform properly if it is abused. 

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