Design of a Phosphor

At this point, we repeat the fact that the most important factor in the design of a phosphor is the choice of an activator cation with an electronic ground state wherein the perturbation by localized phonon modes of the host lattice is non- existent. This mandates the choice of activators with the iSo ground state. There are no other choices. The other factor is 

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Red phosphors were the most active and numerous (>1700) library individuals found, with intensities comparable to known, commercially available luminescent materials. Their composition (Y, V, Al, and La with Eu as an activator) inspired the design of a focused library L3 (Eig. 11.4), made by deposition of films of EU2O3 (26.3 nm) and V (189.6 nm) on a triangular silicon wafer (step a), followed by the deposition... 

Song YH, Han GS, Mang SR, Jung MK, Jung HS, Yoon DH (2015) Design of a thermally stable rGO-embedded remote phosphor for applications in white LEDs. J Mater Chem C 3 235... 

Our design of a new and extremely sterically demanding Brpnsted acid was based on the analysis of highly successful chiral phosphoric acids [9-12], Wtriflyl phosphoramides introduced by Yamamoto [55] and Wphosphinyl phosphoramides... 

Uranium is present in small (50—200 ppm) amounts in phosphate rock and it can be economically feasible to separate the uranium as a by-product from the cmde black acid (30% phosphoric acid) obtained from the leaching of phosphate for fertilizers (qv). The development and design of processes to produce 500 t U Og per year at Ereeport, Louisiana have been detailed (272). 

The press had been designed with a capacity to deliver 280 kN press force and to work at a production rate of 40 lids per minute. Calculations to determine the distribution of forming loads required indicated that the press capacity was adequate to form the family of steel lids to be produced on the machine. One of the major areas of interest in the design was the con-rod and pin (see Figure 4.66). The first option considered was based on a previous design where the con-rod was manufactured from cast iron with phosphor bronze bearings at the big and small ends. However, weaknesses in this approach necessitated the consideration of other options. The case study presents the analysis of the pin and con-rod using simple probabilistic techniques in an attempt to provide in-service reliable press operation. The way a weak link was introduced to ensure ease of maintenance and repair in the event... 

This input to design refers to the long-term stability of the raw material sources for the plant. It is only of importance where the raw materials can or do contain impurities which can have profound effects on the corrosivity of the process. Just as the design should cater not only for the norm of operation but for the extremes, so it is pertinent to question the assumptions made about raw material purity. Crude oil (where HjS, mercaptan sulphur and napthenic acid contents determine the corrosivity of the distillation process) and phosphate rock (chloride, silica and fluoride determine the corrosivity of phosphoric acid) are very pertinent examples. Thus, crude-oil units intended to process low-sulphur crudes , and therefore designed on a basis of carbon-steel equipment, experience serious corrosion problems when only higher sulphur crudes are economically available and must be processed. 

For the central measurement, the field of view is rectangular (e.g., 0.3 by 1.25°) and for other eccentricities, the field is an annular arc similar to that provided in minimum motion photometry. The use of a CRT monitor introduces the same problem as the use of LEDs in HFP, namely, the broadband nature of the screen phosphors, and a correction must be made before reporting the peak MP optical density. A system that could employ lamps and filters instead of a CRT monitor would be difficult to design because of the complexity of the visual stimulus. 

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