Design nanomaterial

A number of basic research directions are needed to successfully design nanomaterials with structures and functions that both enable revolutionary CB countermeasures and that are appropriate for use in these applications. 

Rusling, J. F., Sotzing, G., Papadimitrakopoulos, F. Designing nanomaterials-enhanced electrochemical immunosensors for cancer biomarker proteins, Bioelectrochem. 76, 189-194 (2009)... 

Luo Zhongli and Zhang Shuguang. Designer nanomaterials using chiral self-assembling peptide systems and their emerging benefit for society. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41 no. 13 (2012) 4736-4754. 

Crystal engineering. Utilization of noncovalent intermolecular forces in the solid state to design new nanomaterials with desired functions. 

Studies on the use of hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and reflux synthesis methods for the development and application of nanomaterials have been reviewed. An important aspect of the green synthesis of metallic nanopartides involves techniques that make use of biological materials such as plant extracts and microorganisms. The design of nanomaterials and control of their desired properties have been reviewed. The unique properties of manufactured nanomaterials offer many potential benefits. 

John, G. and Vemula, P.K. (2006) Design and development of soft nanomaterials from biobased amphiphiles. Soft Matter, 2, 909-914. 

As mentioned earlier, biological systems have developed optimized strategies to design materials with elaborate nanostructures [6]. A straightforward approach to obtaining nanoparticles with controlled size and organization should therefore rely on so-called biomimetic syntheses where one aims to reproduce in vitro the natural processes of biomineralization. In this context, a first possibility is to extract and analyze the biological (macro)-molecules that are involved in these processes and to use them as templates for the formation of the same materials. Such an approach has been widely developed for calcium carbonate biomimetic synthesis [13]. In the case of oxide nanomaterials, the most studied system so far is the silica shell formed by diatoms [14]. 

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