Design magnetic field sensors

Magnetic-field sensors are widely used in automotive applications because of their robust design, their non-contacting and thus wear-free operation and their low manufacturing costs, in particular for solid-state sensors, which can be fabricated using batch processes. Their main fields of application in automobiles are speed and position sensing. In total, about one third of today s automotive sensors are based on the magnetic principle [1],... 

Another study was designed to determine how neural circuits are organized to provide a perception of sound. Specifically, Williamson wanted to find whether individuals have a tone map across the auditory cortex—that is, whether tones of different frequencies evoke neural activity at different locations. While Williamson s subjects listened to notes of a scale, the sensors hunted for magnetic field variations, and the researchers were able to monitor the movement of nerve impulses from cell group to cell group inside the brain. It appeared that the brain assigned equal numbers of neurons to each octave of the musical scale, much like the arrangement of keys on a piano. This... 

Clearly, we need a multiple-sensor system that can simultaneously measure the magnetic field at various positions over the scalp—say, one hundred positions—so that measurements could be completed in a matter of minutes. This would enable us to see patterns of activity as they shift from one area of brain to the next. The problem, though, is that we have to keep the sensors, the detector coils, very cold in liquid helium. You also need a good Dewar, and the present ones are rigid structures. It doesn t take you long to realize, when you study human heads, that they come in different sizes and shapes—round ones, flat ones, heads with corners and edges. To maximize sensitivity, you have to get those coils closer to the head, and we don t have that flexibility with current designs. If we had a room-temperature superconductor, we could do that very easily, because they d all be on tracks that could slide in nicely and you could fit them to a child. 

Molecular design and rational synthesis of inorganic microporous crystalline materials are frontier subjects in the fields of zeolites science and molecular engineering. Zeolite synthesis is an active field of research because zeolites with uniform micropores are important in many industrial processes in catalysis, adsorption, and separation, and are finding new applications in electronics, magnetism, chemical sensors, and medicine, etc.12 91 Synthesis of such materials typically involves crystallization from a gel medium under hydrothermal/solvothermal conditions in the presence of organic amines as... 

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