Design-for-recycling

A comprehensive guide containing information on design for recycling has been developed by the German association Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) [37]. 

Using fewer sub-assemblies often decreases the disassembly time per unit weight of recovered material and increases material capture. It also reduces the complexity of the product and leads to improved reliability since the reliability of a product depends on the number of components, their configuration and their individual reliability [32]. 

Another source of design aids is the Emnronmental Considerations in Product Design and Processing [26], which contains guidelines for design for disassembly and recyclability, design for reusability, and waste avoidance 

Design innovation + Common sense + Material knowledge 

1 Source reduction by part consolidation and weight reduction. 

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Design code Design for Recycling Design of experiments Design of proteins Design patents Designs Desipramine Desipramine [50-47-5]... 

Figure 5.6 Schematic design for recycling cliromatography in wliich the effluent is recycled tlirough the pump 1, eluent 2, pump 3, injector 4, chromatograpliic column 5, detector 6, three way valve 7, waste 8, T-connection.

R 95 - Recovery, Recycling, Re-Integration. Volume II Design for Avoidance, Design for Recycling. Conference proceedings. 

Asphalt concrete lumps were collected from the new and recycled HMA areas of the present survey only, and pulverized for use as aggregates in trial mix designs for recycled and re-recycled HMA, respectively, with gradations... 

Additional capital cost savings from once-through hydrocracking result from the reduced overall hydraulic capacity of the plant for a given fresh feed rate as a result of the elimination of a recycle oil stream. Hydraulic capacity at the same fresh feed rate is 30-40% lower for a once-through plant compared to the one designed for recycle. 

I-H. Hong, J. C. Ammons, and M. J. Realff, Decentralized Decision-making and Protocol Design for Recycle Material Flows, submitted to Manufacturing Service Operations Management (2006b). 

New materials designed for recycling (triggerable disassembly) (3) Conversion of wastes to useful products (2)... 

The computer is an excellent example where design for recycling could be applied. While the elements in Table 4 are based on computer and electronic production, similar principles can be adopted for other processes. 

Henstock, M. E. 1988. Design for Recyclability. The Institute of Metals, London, England. 

Forcucci, E, Tomkins, D., and Romanini, D. 1990. Automotive interior design for recyclability. 22nd ISATA, Florence, Italy (14—18 May, 1990). 

RecvKon University of Erlangen, Germany [14,15] Design for recyclability based on material and energy flow charts for evaluation of product-solutions with assistance from external and tntemal data bases. 

K. Feldmann, H. Scheller, H. Meerkamm, and D. Krause, Design for Recyclability and Economic Planning of Disassembly Based on the Recyclinggraph Tool in proceedings of RECY 94, Erlangen, Germany, pp. 76-90 (1994). 

Ardente F, Beccali G, Cellura M (2003) Eco-snstainable energy and environmental strategies in design for recycling the software ENDLESS . Ecol Model 163(1-2) 101-118... 

Automobile batteries have also been designed for recycling. The secme case permits return of the failed battery to the recycler without unique environmental problems. Lead recyclers have developed processes to recover virtually all the lead values in the battery for return to new battery production, hi addition, the battery cases and acid have been also recycled to usable products. Lead acid batteries represent the highest recycling rate of any commercial product. Rates of 95-97% have been achieved in the late 1990 s. 

The Plastic Redesign Project, Design for Recyclability Recommendations for the Design of Plastic Bottles, www.plasticredesign.org, Nov. 1998. 

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