Design considerations machine tools

Finally, a revealing oral statement on the quantitative consideration of safety, given by Dr. Heinrich Mushardt in 2013, an honoured VDW senior designer for machine tools, who retired recently, shall be quoted here ... 

In the later stages of design, discrete event simulation offers a more accurate method for modeling an FMS by taking into considerations aspects such as layout configuration, number of machines, tools and fixtures, size of buffers, part routing heuristics, and production scheduling rules. 

The use of programmable electronic systems (PES) in industry has grown considerably with the availability of microcomputers. These systems offer many benefits to the designer and user in providing more comprehensive control of industrial processes, enviroments, machine tools and in robot installations. As confidence grows with the application of PES, users and manufacturers are considering incorporating safety functions within the requirements and functions of the PES. 

LVHV nozzles require very careful design. They can be effective in capturing and removing dust from operations that are otherwise difficult to control, e.g., hand-held tools and some fixed-machine grinding and other operations. Installation costs for LVHV systems can be considerably higher than for conventional local exhaust systems. However, operating costs can be lower be-... 

When designing and constructing the tool, the specification for the forming machine to be used later must always be taken into consideration. In addition to the geometrical installation conditions, the mode of operation of the press, pressing forces, the sleeve diagram, the kinematics of the ram, permissible eccentricities, die space, ejector and lifter functions, and much more play a role here (Altan et al. 2010). 

Stiffeners are defined as forms in the sheet which require the material outside the form to move horizontally to produce the desired shape (Fig. 1). This movement or draw of material requires special considerations of machine selection, tooling design, and material to be formed. Roll passes specified for a given stiffener profile are generally very liberal. Because very few definitive formulas exist in... 

As mentioned in Sec. 2.2 above, the precursor poiymer shrinks considerably and the design of the moided part must accommodate this shrinkage to obtain a final product close to the desired shape. This is sometimes difficult to achieve and a machining operation is often necessary. Because of the high hardness of vitreous carbon, it should be machined with diamond tools. 

The creation of a plastic part requires a series of conscious decisions regarding type of plastic, method of production, design of mold or tooling, and selection of machine or process. Reaching these decisions requires information as to the intended usage of the part and the conditions of environment (temperature, moisture, exposure to harsh atmospheres, physical and electrical requirements). Furthermore, in most cases, the cost to manufacture the part is a major consideration and is dependent on the choice of materials, the manufacturing process, and, of course, the quantities to be produced per shift, month, or year. 

There are various machines and tool types for all the technologies that make up the MID reference process. The interdependencies between product properties and production resources are many and diverse. Table 8.2 provides an overview of the most important interrelationships between product properties and production resources. These relationships have to be taken into consideration during conceptualization of the MID. The design should be such that the MID can be manufactured economically and with cost-effective production resources. 

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