Design considerations industrial type

Several reported chemical systems of gas-liquid precipitation are first reviewed from the viewpoints of both experimental study and industrial application. The characteristic feature of gas-liquid mass transfer in terms of its effects on the crystallization process is then discussed theoretically together with a summary of experimental results. The secondary processes of particle agglomeration and disruption are then modelled and discussed in respect of the effect of reactor fluid dynamics. Finally, different types of gas-liquid contacting reactor and their respective design considerations are overviewed for application to controlled precipitate particle formation. 

Within the design consideration factor, probably the most important section is plant layout. Taking into account the possibility of dust explosion and fire, a question arises whether a certain type of plant may be located in a particular place or whether some splitting of the process on particular operations may be required. The increased scale of many new industrial plants means that the volume of the plant providing a risk of explosion is much greater than it was only a few years ago. 

Photoelectric-Colorimetric Method. Although the recording spectrophotometer is, for food work at least, a research tool, another instrument, the Hunter multipurpose reflectometer (4), is available and may prove to be applicable to industrial quality control. (The newer Hunter color and color difference meter which eliminates considerable calculation will probably be even more directly applicable. Another make of reflection meter has recently been made available commercially that uses filters similar to those developed by Hunter and can be used to obtain a similar type of data.) This instrument is not a spectrophotometer, for it does not primarily measure the variation of any property of samples with respect to wave length, but certain colorimetric indexes are calculated from separate readings with amber, blue, and green filters, designated A, B, and G, respectively. The most useful indexes in food color work obtainable with this type of instrument have been G, which gives a... 

For most larger industrial applications around the world, either FT or WT boilers are generally employed. Design permutations are considerable, and many factories have both types installed, feeding into separate steam distribution systems (typically at different pressures) or a common steam header. A discussion on the various types of boilers follows ... 

The remainder of this text attempts to establish a rational framework within which many of these questions can be attacked. We will see that there is often considerable freedom of choice available in terms of the type of reactor and reaction conditions that will accomplish a given task. The development of an optimum processing scheme or even of an optimum reactor configuration and mode of operation requires a number of complex calculations that often involve iterative numerical calculations. Consequently machine computation is used extensively in industrial situations to simplify the optimization task. Nonetheless, we have deliberately chosen to present the concepts used in reactor design calculations in a framework that insofar as possible permits analytical solutions in order to divorce the basic concepts from the mass of detail associated with machine computation. 

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