Analysis/Design

We now wish to consider some examples that indicate how to employ the above equations in reactor design analyses. 

Since enthalpy is a state variable, the integral on the right side of equation 10.2.6 is independent of the path of integration, and it is possible to rewrite this equation in a variety of forms that are more convenient for use in reactor design analyses. One may evaluate this integral by allowing the reaction to proceed isothermally at the initial temperature from extent 0 to extent and then heating the final product mixture at constant pressure and composition from the initial temperature to the final temperature. 

The following illustrations indicate the manner in which the one-dimensional model is employed in reactor design analyses. 

An application case study of the production network optimization model is reported in Chapter 5. In this context the integration of the optimization model into a planning tool to support interactive explorations of the solution space is demonstrated and guidance on how to develop the data required for quantitative strategic network design analyses is provided. Additionally, important analyses that can be performed using the proposed optimization model are introduced and improvement potentials identified in the course of a pilot application in industry are explained. 

H. B. Vakil and P. G. Kosky, "Design Analyses of a Methane-Based Chemical Heat Pipe," 11th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, Lake Tahoe, Calif., September 1976. 

A Factor is an aspect of an experiment that we can alter to see if this changes the endpoint we are measuring. The various different possibilities for each factor are then referred to as levels . While f-tests are used with the simplest experimental designs - a single experimental factor that has just two levels - for more complex designs, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) are called for. 

A sensitivity study demonstrates that systems with small reactor or slow reaction rate (Da < 2) are better controlled by the Luyben s structure. However, systems with large reactor or fast reaction rate (Da > 3) are better controlled by the conventional structure. To explain this fact, we recall that close to Da=l the system is sensitive to Da. For the conventional control structure, the plant Da number represents a disturbance, as it contains Fq. Because low sensitivity is required, designs with Da large perform better. For the Luyben control structure, the plant Da number is a manipulated variable through the reaction volume F. Consequently, disturbances can be rejected with small effort if Da is small. It should be also noted that high purity separation (zj = 1) improves the performance of the conventional control structure. It is worthy to mention that the design analysed by Luyben (1994) had Da= 1.12. Hence, poor performance of the conventional control structure is expected. 

Although the present chapter does not contain material relative to the design of enzyme-mediated reactions, we have chosen to inclnde in this collection of problems several reactor design problems involving extension of the material concerning enzymatic reactions in Chapter 7. Students should be able to solve these problems using the fundamental concepts of reactor design analyses presented in Chapters 8 to 12. 

In the following sections, the major design features of KALIMER are bnefly descnbed and some of results from the safety design analyses and supportmg R D programs are summanzed... 

Industrial products include mechanical parts and mechanical parts are also included in the equipment, devices, and tools for their production. The shape of a part is designed, analysed, and manufactured according to a specification considering particular requirements from the following areas ... 

General reviews and design analyses concerning bipolar plates for PEMFCs have been carried out periodically [10-14], and the bipolar plate materials are commonly divided into composite and metallic materials. Efforts with composite materials have been carried out in research organizations and industry worldwide [15-23]. Wilson and co-workers developed a composite bipolar plate with a vinyl... 

Bigwood D A and Crocombe A D (1990), Non-linear adhesive bonded joint design analyses , Int J Adhes Adhes, 10(1), 9. 

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