Lacrimators dermal toxicity

The toxicity of aliphatic diisocyanates also warrants monitoring exposure to its vapors. HDI has a moderate potential for acute systemic dermal toxicity rabbit dermal LD50 is 570 ml/Kg (57). However, HDI is severely irritating to the skin and eyes. Irritation, lacrimation, rhinitis, burning sensation to throat and chest, and coughing have all been reported in humans following acute inhalation exposure to HDI. HMDI has a low eye and dermal irritation potential, as well as a low potential for acute toxicity. Exposure to HMDI aerosol can cause dermal sensitization of laboratory animals. IPDI can cause skin sensitization reactions as well as eye irritation. The acute toxicity of diisocyanates in rats is shown in Table 12. 

Trifluralin is classified as a Toxicity Category IV (practically nontoxic) agent for acute oral toxicity and dermal irritation and Toxicity Category III (slightly toxic) for acute dermal toxicity, acute inhalation toxicity, and eye irritation. Ocular irritation is characterized by increased lacrimation, photophobia, and redness. Conjunctivitis can continue for 5-7 days. 

Extremely toxic carbamate exhibits acute, delayed and chronic effects similar to organophosphates cholinesterase inhibitor found to be more toxic to rats by dermal than oral route (Merck 1996) toxic symptoms include trembling, pinpoint pupils, lacrimation, excessive salivation, sweating, slurring of speech, jerky movements, nausea, vomiting, loss of bladder control, slight blueness of skin, lips, and nail beds, as well as convulsion, and coma (Gossehn et al. 

Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 700-1670 mg/kg, (dermal, rat) 6 g/kg mod. toxic to humans and animals by ing. poison by ing., IP, subcut., and IV routes severe skin and eye irritant human systemic effects by ing. (ulcerations or bleeding from stomach) may cause Gl irritation, lacrimation, dyspnea, emaciation, lethargy, diarrhea, coma very high dosage can be fatal experimental teratogen, reproductive effector TSCA listed... 

Dermal contact with lacrimators is very painful (Pinkus, 1978). Erythema and blisters are common. The extent of dermal effects depends on the thickness of the stratum comeum, and the extent of exposure (Blain, 2003). High concentrations can cause first- and second-degree bums of the skin (Stein and Kirwan, 1964 Hu et al., 1989). No teratogenicity or carcinogenicity has been demonstrated in humans or animals (Folb and Talmud, 1989 Blain, 2003). For further details on toxicity of RCA, see chapter 11. 

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