Dermal collagen matrix

The half-life of HA ranges from 12-24 h in both the dermis and the epidermis. The presence of HA in epithelial tissues promotes keratinocyte proliferation and increases the presence of retinoic acid, causing skin hydration. HA interaction with CD44 antigen drives collagen synthesis and normal skin frmction. Present in the ECM of basal keratinocytes, HA is critical to the structural integrity of the dermal collagen matrix. 

Frank L, Lebreton-Decoster C, Godeau G, Coulomb B, Jozefonvicz J. Dextran derivatives modulate collagen matrix organization in dermal equivalent. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2006 17 499-517. 

Leipziger, L.S., Glushko, V., DiBernardo, B., Shafaie, F., Noble, J., Nichols and Alvarez, O.M. (1985) Dermal wound repair Role of collagen matrix implants and synthetic polymer dressings./. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 12, 409-419. 

The biodegradable polyurethane has been demonstrated to be a capable and versatile material for the production of skin products for major bum victims. As a synthetic, sealed bilayer dermal temporizing matrix, it is already in regular human use in surgical wounds and is the subject of a five patient pilot human bum trial. As the scaffold for CCS production, the foam is nontoxic to cells, allows attachment, collagen deposition and keratinocyte take in vitro, and attachment and take over both in BTM and in fresh wounds in vivo. 

The amino acids glycine, proline, lysine and vahne are components of the main proteins of the extracellular dermal matrix. The inclusion of these amino acids in the composition of Hyalrepair, along with other low-molecular bio-regulators and microelements, is essential for triggering synthesis of dermal collagen and elastin, which are extremely important for achieving steady, long-term effect. 

Skintex is a standardized, commercial kit developed to combine into one test two distinct steps of skin irritation membrane permeation and protein denaturation [15]. The method is based on a two-compartment model separated by a semipermeable membrane coated with a keratin-collagen matrix cross-linked to a dye. The surfactant-based test material is applied in the upper compartment. If the material is an irritant, it penetrates through the membrane into the lower compartment and releases the dye from the membrane into the lower compartment. There, the surfactant denatures globulin and dermal proteins which undergo conformational changes. The irritation potential of the material is quantified by measuring the increase of turbidity of this compartment. 

Type XVI collagen is composed of 10 collagenous domains (COLI-COLIO) flanked by 11 NC domains. Type XVI collagen localizes near the dermal-epidermal junction. From immunoelectron microscopy of the papillary dermis, type XVI collagen associates with a fibrillin-1-containing matrix but not on collagen fibrils. ... 

A bilayered composite skin equivalent has been developed with a viable dermis and epidermis. The epidermis is composed from cornified differentiated keratinocytes and a dermal matrix composed of a collagen lattice containing viable fibroblasts. Its cellular components assist with wound closure through stimulation of the wound bed. The outer layer of the differentiated bilayered skin equivalent, the stratum corneum, acts as a specialized vapor permeable membrane and protective outer barrier.f ... 

Connective Tissue Formation. Protein-lysine 6-oxidase (lysyl oxidase) is a cuproenzyme that is essential for stabilization of extracellular matrixes, specifically the enzymatic cross-linking of collagen and elastin. Complex mechanisms involve the deamination of lysine and hydrolysine residues at specific extracellular sites. The enzyme is highly associated with connective tissue and located in the aorta, dermal con-... 

The fibroblasts in the papillary dermis are stimulated and proliferate they synthesize a large quantity of new collagen, which is deposited in bands beneath the epidermis (in the Grenz zone). The intercellular matrix is enriched in gly-cosaminoglycans. Further down, short-lived but rapid vasodilation occurs, that signaling the presence of dermal inflammation. 

There are two basic roles for carbohydrates in the field of skin replacement. These relate to the bilaminar nature of the skin with the dermal matrix and the cellular epidermis. The matrix is a biomechanical construct and can be made. As already described, there are collagenous and noncollagenous components in the human dermis. There is and has been a considerable amount of research to explore the roles of collagen and GAG polymers in matrix production. Indeed, this is a feature of research and reviews spanning the last two decades. The most successful commercial product is Integra, which was approved for clinical use in 1996 both in the United States and Europe. 

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