Intercellular matrix

Laurent, T.C. (1982). In Chemistry and Molecular Biology of the Intercellular Matrix (ed. A. Helfet) p. 703, Academic Press, London. 

The enzymatic method (5,6) is probably the method of choice as a starting point for most tissue types because of its ability not only to release a large number of cells, but also to preserve cellular integrity and viability (7). Last, chemical dissociation is commonly used in conjunction with mechanical or enzymatic procedures. Chemical methods are designed to omit or sequester the Ca + and Mg + ions needed for maintenance of the intercellular matrix and cell-surface integrity. Ethylenediaminoacetate (EDTA) or citrate ion is commonly used to remove these cations, but does not adequately dissociate all types of tissue. 

Veis, A., Bhatnagar, R. S. The microfibrillar structure of collagen and the placement of intermolecular covalent crosslinkages. In Chemistry and molecular biology of the intercellular matrix, Vol. 1, pp. 279. Balazs, E. A. (ed.). London, New York Academic Press 1970... 

Anderson, C. H. Calcium-accumulating vesicles in the intercellular matrix of bone. Hard Tissue Growth, Repair and Remineralization. Ciba Foundation Symposium 11 (new series) pp. 213(1973)... 

Anderson, H. C. Calcium-accumulating vesicles in the intercellular matrix of bone. (Disc. 

The remarkable mechanical properties of articular cartilage result from the structure of collagen and proteoglycans, and from the properties of the fibrous composite formed by the interactions of collagen and proteoglycans in intercellular matrix. 

Figure 7. Portion of an intimal smooth muscle cell and the adjacent intercellular matrix from a primate artery (Macaca nemestrina) stained with ruthenium red. The ruthenium red stains numerous polygonal granules associated with each other through 30-60 A diameter filamentous projections which, based on studies with chondroitinases, must represent dermatan sulfate-containing proteoglycans (X 40,000). As shown in the insert, the 30-60 A filaments interconnect granules, collagen fibers, elastin, and the surfaces of cells (X 140,000). Reproduced from Proteoglycans in Primate Arteries. I. Ultrastructural Localization and Distribution in the Intima, by Thomas N. Wight and Russell Ross, J. Cell Biol. (1975) 67,...

Fransson, L.A., "Chemistry and Molecular Biology of the Intercellular Matrix" E.A. Balazs, Ed. 

The epidermis plays a role in skin mechanics. Thereby, hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic substances affect mechanical properties of the skin. Changes in skin mechanics can be the result of either a direct influence of a substance on the intercellular matrix, or an epiphenomenona, for example, a physiological shift of water between the tissues aimed to maintain physiological homeostasis, 50 The hydration level of the SC affects its mechanical properties. Increased hydration of the SC influences its extensibility and elasticity.51-54 Examples from human diseases such as ichthyotic and xerotic disorders indicate that thickening of the SC due to hyperkeratosis and increased corneocyte cohesion is responsible for a marked decrease in the flexibility of the entire SC.55... 

Neutral and acidic serine proteases released from mast cells-tryptase MCX may damage type IV collagen and the intercellular matrix. Eosinophil chemotactic factors... 

Hyaluronic acid is found in most connective tissues including human vitreous, skin, synovial fluid and umbilical cord. One of its biological roles is its ability to contain large amounts of water in intercellular space. It can thus locate cells in a jelly-like matrix and resistance of tissue towards infection may partly depend on this property. The intercellular matrix has a viscoelastic nature [75-77] and is thought to have a role in absorbing shock. Hyaluronic acid can exist in the form of aggregates [81,82] or a network structure [78-80], Such a network offers a filter or macromolecular sieve-like resistance to other molecules as well as cells [83,84],... 

The very first research project Huzella gave me was to study the intercellular substance between plant cells with the latest histological techniques used in his laboratory. He and his associates were concentrating on the study of the substance between the cells in animal tissues. Their primary interest was collagen, the fibrous, water-insoluble protein that is the main building block of the intercellular substance or intercellular matrix, as we call it today. 

The Laurents became very important in my life and in the life of the hyaluronan molecule. Torvard s doctoral thesis for which I was in part his advisor, was on the physical chemistry of hyaluronan, and contained some of our early work together. He and Ulla, who also made her doctoral thesis on hyaluronan, continued to do research on this molecule for decades to come. Torvard became one of the youngest professors and head of the Department of Medical Chemistry in Uppsala and concentrated his own work and that of most of his doctoral students on research on hyaluronan and other molecules of the intercellular matrix. Several young Swedish physicians worked for years in my laboratory on vitreus and cornea of the eye in preparing their doctoral thesis. 

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