Derakane vinyl esters

Laminating resins have been offered by Akzo (Diacryl 101), Dow (Derakane Vinyl Esters) and Showa (Spilac). Typical of these is Diacryl 101, which is manufactured by esterification of the addition product of ethylene oxide to bis-phenol A with methacrylic acid. They exhibit lower curing shrinkage than the polyester laminating resins during cure. The structure of Diacryl 101 is... 

SCRIMP has been shown to be able to produce consistently high quality parts, including high-end military minesweepers, pleasure boats, windmill blades, marine fenders and piling, a 14.6 m (48 ft) all-RP flatbed trailer, utihty poles ft>r transmission lines, small temporary bridges. Lockheed has also used it for carbon fiber laminates. A noteworthy application was an insulated railcar, molded in two parts, with a 5-toime body (fabricated from Dow s Derakane vinyl ester with Vetrotex E-glass fiber and Dow polyurethane (PUR) foam core for insulation, molded on a segmented FRP tool). 

Derakane Vinyl Ester Resins—Product and Usage Guide, Dow Chemicals Publication No CH-224 078 E 892,1982. 

Scott Bader Company Limited Publication, Cry Stic Polyester Handbook, Wellingborough, 1994. Dow Chemical Company, Technical Literature on Derakane Vinyl Ester Resins. 

S] Derakane Vinyl Esters from Dow, Chemical Resistance Guide, Dow Chemical, Midland, MI, July 1985. 

Vinyl Ester Dow Chemical (Derakane 470) VE Bisphenol A Vinyl Ester +. 15% CoNap 36% Styrene Cumene Hydroperoxide 100 2 7-9 178-229... 

By working with vinyl ester (specifically DERAKANE 411-C50), Michaud [9] observed a drastic influence of the fibers (E-glass) on the induction time (i.e., the time required for the reaction to become observable at a specific temperature). An induction time of 90 minutes and 5.5 hours was necessary for RTM runs at 53°C and DSC runs at 50°C, respectively. Lee and Lee [33] affirmed that the age of the resin can also alter the induction time A reduction time of 50 percent was found after 10 months of storage at 70°C. All these effects are more evident at low temperatures. 

Lam et al. [98] verified that the ultimate conversion varies with the cure temperature and the polymer type, but no function was presented. For vinyl esters (DERAKANE 411-45), it is practically constant with au = 0.96, approximately. Michaud empirically found, however, that a changes with temperature as shown by Equation 2.32 ... 

Table 2.7 shows some of the kinetic models for vinyl ester and some polyester systems, where one can notice the large differences among the kinetic parameters even for the same resin and range of temperatures. When a reinforced material is added to DERAKANE resin, for example, Palmese [206] found that the heat of reaction, frequency factor, and order of reaction, m, are 63 percent, 295 percent, and 16.5 percent higher, respectively, and that the activation energy as well as the order of reaction, n, are 26.5 percent and 22 percent lower, respectively, than are those from the paper of Lam et al. [98],... 

Derakane . [Dow] Vinyl ester resin thermoset used in chem. processing industry, pulp and paper mills, pipe, filament winding. 

Uniaxial tensile tests have been performed for four-ply and one-ply composites based on glass plain-weave reinforcement — Table 2.3. The composites are produced by resin infusion moulding using Dow Derakane 8084 Epoxy-Vinyl Ester resin. The weave architecmre is slightiy unbalanced exhibiting different crimp in warp and weft directions. The lay-up of four-ply composite has been balanced. 

Derakane 411-45 Vinyl ester Laboratory environment - moisture present 0.75... 

E-glass/Dow Derakane 510 fire retardant vinyl ester — —... 

Epoxy vinyl ester resins are the resin of choice for industrial corrosion-resistant GRP equipment and the leading supplier is the Dow Chemical Company, with its brand name of Derakane . Some properties of various resin families are given in Table 9.1. 

Bis-A EpVE = Bisphenol-A epoxy vinyl ester (Derakane 411), Nov EpVE = Novolac epoxy vinyl ester (Derakane 470), Isopoly = Iso Polyester, Orthopoly = Orthopolyester, Ep MDA = Bisphenol-A epoxy resin cured with methylene dianiline. 

In all cases, the resins used were Derakane epoxy vinyl esters (Fig. 9.4). In 64% of the cases the resin was one of the higher temperature type, that is an epoxy novolac vinyl ester resin (Derakane 470). This resin is particularly effective in containing acids and organic solvents. Its HDT of 150°C renders it the resin of choice for the higher temperature applications. Bisphenol A epoxy vinyl ester resins (Derakane 411) were used for 25% of the vessels, in particular for the high pH caustic and hypochlorite streams. The brominated epoxy vinyl esters (Derakane 510) were used for the remainder (11%) of the GRP vessels. These resins are important when both fire... 

Figure 9.8 shows a 44m tank installed at the Dow Stade plant in northern Germany. It was installed in 1971 and the photograph was taken in 1995. The tank is scheduled for replacement in 1998 after 27 years service. It was built by Hawodur in Holland using Derakane 470 epoxy novolac vinyl ester resin. It had been used throughout its life to contain 15-30% hydrochloric acid at 40°C. At the time of writing (early 1998) it had not required any maintenance. 

Significant cracking to a depth of 3-5 mm was found in the total circumferential area at the first and second spray nozzle levels, ft would have been only a matter of time, possibly another one to two more years, before the part of the structure exposed to high temperatures had failed. But the Derakane 470 novolac epoxy vinyl ester resin had held at temperatures far beyond its design limit. 

Figure 9.19 shows an installation at the Dow Stade membrane chlorine plant. It was built in 1996 by Techno Composites Domine Gmbh, using Bekaert profiles made with Derakane 440-40 epoxy vinyl ester resin. The installation includes stairwells, handrails, walkways cable trays and safety cages. GRP and pultruded profiles in particular were used for their resistance to the chemicals being handled - notably sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite and brine. Their electrical resistance was also a factor in this electrochemical plant [11]. 

More recently, tests have been performed on composites made from carbon fiber (Hercules AS4) with two different sizings, namely polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K-17) and polyhydroxyether (phenoxy) with a vinyl ester (Derakane 441-400) matrix. The phenoxy polyhydroxyether (PKHW 35)... 

Dow Plastics manufactures a range of Derakane epoxy vinyl ester resins and the simplest is made by reacting low molecular weight epoxides with either AA or MAA to produce a chain structure ... 

Britten, a New Zealand motorcycle company, has used a composite subchassis made of carbon fiber/Kevlar Derakane epoxy vinyl ester resin laminate for their Britten VIOOO racing machine.The Aprila 250 uses cfrp wheels molded in two halves from a 2x2 HS twill... 

Wood Science Technology (WSTI), Corvalis, Oregon, USA—Zoltec and Dow Chemical Co. have an agreement with WSTI, who will use WSTI patents and manufacture thin sheets of composite laminate for the reinforcement of engineered lumber products using Zoltek s carbon fiber and Dow s Derakane epoxy vinyl ester resins. 

Derakane Thermoset vinyl ester epoxy resins Dow Chem. Co. 

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