Depression tranquilizers

Synthesis of the CNS depressant/tranquil izer tioperidone (59) begins by alkylation of piperazine derivative with 4-chlorobutyronitrile to give Lithium aluminum hydride... 

Avoid the use of alcohol or other CNS depressants (tranquilizers, sleeping pills) and other nonprescription drag s unless use has been approved by the primary health care provider. 

Prescription medications such as pain relievers, central nervous system (CNS) depressants (tranquilizers and sedatives), and stimulants are highly beneficial treatments for a variety of health conditions. Pain relievers enable individuals with chronic pain to lead productive lives tranquilizers can reduce anxiety and help patients with sleep disorders and stimulants help people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) focus their attention. Most people who take prescription medications use them responsibly. But when abused—that is, taken by someone other than the patient for whom the medication was prescribed or taken in a manner or dosage other than what was prescribed—prescription medications can produce serious adverse health effects, including addiction. 

Many patents have been issued on the use of pyrogaUol derivatives as pharmaceuticals. PyrogaUol has been used extemaUy in the form of an ointment or a solution in the treatment of skin diseases, eg, psoriasis, ringworm, and lupus erythematosus. GaUamine triethiodide (16) is an important muscle relaxant in surgery it also is used in convulsive-shock therapy. Trimethoprim (2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine) is an antimicrobial and is a component of Bactrin and Septra. Trimetazidine (l(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine (Vastarel, Yosimilon) is used as a coronary vasodilator. l,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-l-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-9JT-pyrido[3,4- ]indole hydrochloride is useful as a tranquilizer (52) (see Hypnotics, sedatives, ANTICONVULSANTS, AND ANXIOLYTICS). Substituted indanones made from pyrogaUol trimethyl ether depress the central nervous system (CNS) (53). Tyrosine-and glycine(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl)hydrazides are characterized by antidepressant and anti-Parkinson activity (54). 

It must be remembered that all anesthetics and tranquilizers are used by the practitioner following a risk—benefit evaluation. General anesthesia, even being adininistered by an experienced practitioner, can result in death through cardiac or respiratory depression. The veterinarian is acutely aware of these risks and chooses the dmg and method of adininistration considering the patient s health status, the nature of and need for the procedure, and the likelihood of success. 

In addition, various pyridopyridazines have been claimed to have activity as antibacterials and antiseptics, antitubercular agents, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, antiallergics, tranquillizers, CNS depressants and muscle relaxants. 

Fused isoxazoles (631) were prepared as GABA analogs (75MI41604) and some exhibited CNS depression effects (74JAP(K)7480062) or were effective as minor tranquilizers, muscle relaxants and/or sleep inducers (76USP3966748, 79USP4163057). 

According to David Johnson, a psychologist writing about the effects of color, Peaceful, tranquil blue causes the body to produce calming chemicals, so it is often used in bedrooms. Blue can also be cold and depressing. Fashion consultants recommend wearing blue... 

At first, Sapirstein and I found the equivalence between antidepressants and other drugs puzzling, to say the least. Why should drugs that are not antidepressants be as effective as antidepressants in treating depression To answer this question, we asked another. What do all these diverse drugs have in common that they do not share with inert placebos What do SSRIs have in common with the older tricyclic antidepressants, with other less common antidepressants, and even with tranquillizers, depressants and thyroid medication The only common factor that we were able to note was that they all produce easily noticeable side effects - the one thing that was lacking in Merck s new treatment for depression. Placebos can also produce side effects, but they do so to a much lesser extent than active medication. Clinical trials show that whereas the therapeutic benefits of antidepressants are relatively small when compared to placebos, the difference in side effects is substantial.7... 

Excess consumption of alcohol is not healthful, as many people will testify. Ethanol is a depressant and can be a mild tranquilizer or a general anesthetic, depending on how much is consumed over what period of time. At low doses, ethanol depresses some of the brain s inhibitory systems and acts as a social lubricant. It can also exacerbate seizure disorders such as epilepsy by depressing the inhibitory systems in the brain that suppress seizures and convulsions. At higher doses, alcohol leads to the classical symptoms of intoxication unsteady walk, slurred speech, altered sensory perception, slow reaction times, bizarre behavior, and finally, loss of consciousness. Consnmption of a fiffh of a gallon of hard liqnor over a short time period can be fatal. 

Several compounds of lithium are used as pharmaceuticals to treat severe psychotic depression (as antidepressant agents). And lithium carbonate is also used as a sedative or mild tranquilizer to treat less severe anxiety, which is a general feeling of uneasiness or distress about present condition or future uncertainties. Lithium is also used in the production of vitamin A. 

Some tranquilizers namely, chlordiazepoxlde and meprobamate, are relatively mild tranquilizers suitable for relieving tension. Equanil is used in controlling depression and hypertension. 

Although this type of drug has various subclasses based on physiological response, such as tranquilizers, stimulants, depressants, etc., we will subdivide and treat a few of them on the basis of their chemical classes. The leading antidepressant, sertraline (no. 10), was covered in Section 3.10. 

Alprazolam is short-lasting tranquilizer used in conditions of anxiety, panic disorders, and depressive syndrome. The most conunon synonym for this drug is xanax. 

Protriptyline is a powerful antidepressant, the mechanism of action of which is not known. It is not a MAO inhibitor and does not stimulate the CNS. It begins to act much faster and acts much longer than imipramine or amitriptyline. Protriptyline does not possess sedative tranquilizing properties. It is used in clinical conditions for treating severe depression. The most common synonyms are concordin, triptil, and vivactil. 

It disrupts neuronal reuptake of monoamines in the CNS and possesses moderate tranquilizing and cholinergic activity. It improves mood significantly and relieves feelings of fear. Maprotiline is used in various forms of depression accompanied by a feeling of fear and irritability. Ludiomil is a synonym of maprotiline. 

May have additive effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants (eg, hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers, antianxiety agents) use with caution. 

JAP77148076). Some other oxathiazoline derivatives (279) have central nervous system (CNS) activity, as tranquilizers and ataraxics with low toxicity (68SAP6804299) and some dioxazoline derivatives (280) have a modest CNS depressant activity (77JPS772). 

A series of esters of nuclear halogenated 3-carboxy-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3//)-ones show depressant activity, while the benzoate esters of substituted 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-l,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3f0-one are reported to function as coronary dUating agents," as do certain other compounds of this type." 3-(o-Haloaryl)-l,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3i/> ones are claimed to have antisecretory," anoretic, anticonvulsant, and hypoglycemic activity, and a variety of other 3-aryl derivatives are stated to be relaxants, tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics, or cramp inhibitors. A number of derivatives of 10, R = H, in which the 3-substituent is a long alkyl chain containing a terminal sulfonamide group have been claimed to act. as antidiabetics. ... 

Another complication which can be expected in a methadone detoxification, seemingly more even than in other methods, is that of mood disturbances. In a comparison of methadone and buprenorphine withdrawal courses, actually in addition to carbamazepine, Seifert et al. (2005) found more tiredness, sensitivity in mood and depression in the (randomly assigned) methadone patients, which situation can lead to either tranquillizers or antidepressants being considered. 

Wells KB, Katon W, Rogers B, et al. Use of minor tranquilizers and antidepressant medications by depressed outpatients results from the medical outcomes study. Am J Psychiatry 1994 151 694-700. 

---