Depression predisposition

A persistent family effect, with the risk about two to three times higher in first-degree relatives as compared with control subjects, suggesting a genetic predisposition for at least some forms of depression. 

This phenomenon is one of the pillars of the biogenic amine hypothesis of depression (see Suicide later in this chapter). An intriguing finding with reserpine is that those susceptible to a depressive syndrome while on this agent also have an increased likelihood of a personal or family history of MDD, in comparison with those who are not susceptible. This finding suggests an interaction between a constitutional predisposition and the biochemical effects of this drug. Because depression is a... 

All psychostimulants can cause jitteriness, palpitations, and psychic dependence. Depression may arise after their discontinuance, and high doses can produce a florid psychosis. On occasion, even small doses of amphetamine can precipitate psychotic episodes in those with an underlying predisposition (e.g., schizophrenic disorder). 

DNA with predisposition for depression -- moderately biologically determined)... 

Abkevich V, Camp NJ, Hensel CH, et al. Predisposition locus for major depression at chromosome 12q22-12q23.2. Am J Hum Genet 2003 73(6) 1271-1281. 

Some psychiatrists believe that there is usually a predisposition toward depression and suicidality in the affected individual, but this position lacks evidence. As a medical expert, I have extensively evaluated cases of depression and suicide induced by benzodiazepines in individuals with no prior history of these emotional problems. 

An important aspect of research in depression addresses the role of genetic predispositions and developmental events as causative factors. Based on studies of twins, it is estimated that depression has a heritability of 40% (Sullivan et al., 2000). 

While there is no known single cause of manic depression, there appears to be some genetic predisposition, although no specific genetic defect has yet been detected. It usually appears in late adolescence or early adulthood and continues throughout life. Potential causes, such as increased stress or a traumatic emotional event, are many and varied experts believe a combination of factors may act as a trigger. 

WiUner P, MitcheU PJ (2002) The validity of animal models of predisposition to depression. Behav Pharmacol 13 169-188. 

Depression is characterized by mood changes and loss of interest in normal activities that might result in insomnia, fatigue, a feeling of despair and an inability to concentrate. It can also lead to suicidal thoughts. Depression is caused by insufficient monoamine neurotransmitter (norepinephrine and serotonin), genetic predisposition, or... 

As we saw, Dave didn t encounter even mild depression until he d undergone three family crises and a major downturn at work. Jennifer, by contrast, was in the throes of fairly serious depression after relatively minor trouble at school and one upsetting incident with a friend. Clearly the levels in her tank had already fallen significantly before she ever experienced her first symptom. Indeed, her family history—a depressed mother and a father who might have self-medicated his depression by drinking—suggested that Jennifer may have been bom with a genetic predisposition to depression a small and easily emptied tank. 

So, I told Jennifer, she d come into this world with what was likely a genetic predisposition to depression. This didn t mean she was destined... 

Depression is caused by a number of factors including genetic predisposition, social and environmental factors, and biologic conditions such as insufficient monoamine neurotransmitter (norepinephrine and serotonin). 

Since the cannabinoid agonists are not first-line drugs in the treatment of any of the various types of pain or pain syndromes, any potential risk of serious consequences from their use should be considered an absolute contraindication. Preexisting or genetic predisposition to serious psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or psychotic disorders, in general, would be an example. Precipitation or worsening of these and less serious psychiatric disorders has been reported. Caution and close monitoring of patients with less serious illnesses such as bipolar disorder, anxiety, or depression is necessary since the symptoms of these disorders could become manifest. 

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