Deodorisation

Catechins are water-soluble however, they can be rendered insoluble by chemical reaction (Yayabe, 2001). Insoluble catechins do not lose their phenol hydroxyl groups, and their anti-bacterial and deodorising actions remain almost unaffected. In this form they are useful as natural anti-bacterial and deodorising materials for application to fibres and plastics. 

Curcumin (E100). Curcumin is obtained from the spice turmeric, which comes from the plant Curcuma longa, of the ginger family. Curcumin is obtained by extraction from the plant to give a deodorised product. 

The main application of the perdisulphates is in analytical chemistry other directions in which they find use are mentioned under the description of their properties. Because of their oxidising and bleaching action they are used in the textile and dyeing industries, and for bleaching soap. They are also used for deodorising whale and fish oils and animal fats in order to render them suitable for soap making. 

Cyclodextrins have a large range of industrial applications. The market for them is growing as a consequence of their unique inclusion properties and decomplexation kinetics in conjunction with their stability, non-toxicity and relative cheapness. Cyclodextrins are the main active ingredient in Procter and Gamble s deodorising product Febreze, for example, where their complexation ability binds molecules responsible for household odours. The principal areas of interest are summarised in Figure 6.26. Some 1,649 research papers were published with the word cyclodextrin in the title in 2006 alone. 

Blanch, G.P., Caja, M.M., Leon, M. and Herraiz, M. (2000) Determination of (E)-5-methylhept-2-en-4-one in deodorised hazelnut oil. Application to the detection of adulterated olive oils. J. Sci. Food Agric., 80, 140-144. 

Physiological Action.—Owing to its powerful oxidising properties, ozone is both a deodoriser and a bactericide of considerable efficiency. Schonbein 3 found that air, laden with organic matter hberated m the course of one minute from 4 oz. of putrid flesh, may be completely deodorised by its own volume of air containing 1 volume of ozone per... 

The valorisation of these side streams is illustrated by the conversion of the deodoriser distillate into biodiesel. Deodoriser distillate is dissolved in methanol in a weight ratio 1/1 and 5% (w/w) sulfuric acid is added and heated at 75 °C for 5 hours with stirring. Under these circumstances the FFA are esteri-fied and the remaining monoglycerides are mostly undergoing a transesterili-cation giving FAME. 

Steam distillation is also a very simple and effective method for the purification or deodorisation of high-boiling organic substances (e.g. essential oils). In the food industry, fats or fatty acids are deodorised and decolourised with steam. Continuous steam distillation in a column is used for this purpose. In this operation, the heated oil is run as a thin film countercurrently to the steam this reduces the amount of steam... 

It has been shown also that other odour producing compounds, such as trimethylamine, can be oxidatively decomposed over Au/NiFe204 at temperatures below 373K [7,31] (see Fig. 6.26). Gold on Fe20s, supported on a zeolite wash-coated honeycomb, has been used commercially as a deodoriser in modern Japanese toilets since 1992 [6,7,28]. 

Finally, the oil undergoes a number of refining processes to produce a purified oil. These refining processes may include degumming, in which phospholipids are removed as gums in a hydration process neutralisation and washing to remove free fatty acids, trace metals and other water solubles oxidation and deodorisation to remove by-products and polishing to remove trace oil insolubles. 

Figure 19. UV spectra of water (swimming pool and deodorisation) containing hypochlorite.

Figure 19 shows some examples of swimming pool and deodorisation water. A comparison has been carried out between the concentration obtained by UV spectrophotometry, either simple absorptiometry at 290 nm or with the semi-deterministic approach. Figure 20 shows the right adjustment for the results for ten samples of real water with standard additions of hypochlorite. 

Crude palm oil is rich in minor components such as carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, sterols, phospholipids, triterpene alcohols, squalene, aliphatic alcohols and aliphatic hydrocarbons (Goh et al. 1985). The major components of interest are the carotenes, tocopherols, tocotrienols, sterols and squalene (Table 3.10). Carotenes and tocopherols are antioxidants and stabilise the oil against oxidation. During refining, the bleaching and steam deodorisation processes partially remove some of these valuable components. The amounts retained in the refined oils depend on the conditions of refining. 

As mentioned earlier, the oxidative stability of refined CNO, as measured by the AOM test, is greatly enhanced by addition of citric acid after deodorisation, which is virtually standard practice in industry. In the absence of natural antioxidants, the chelating action of citric acid on the pro-oxidant trace metals has a... 

The raw oil extracted from the husks is dark green, with high acidity and a bad flavour. It has to be neutralised, bleached, and deodorised before it is edible. Due to the solvent extraction, olive-residue oil contains some minor constituents at higher levels than those found in olive oils (waxes, sterols, erythrodiol and uvaol). This is the reason for designating pomace oil as a distinct product. 

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