Independent demand

Up to 80% of the circulating T3 originates from deiodination of T4. This is due mainly to a deiodinase (Dl) activity in the Uver, where most of the T3 formed is exported into the circulation. Monodeiodination of T4 to yield Tj is catalyzed by another deiodinase (D2). It appears that D2 catalyzes Tj from T4 for local cellular demands independent of circulating Tj. The third enzyme involved in the reductive deiodination of T4, Tj, and other iodothyronines is D3. The sole action of this enzyme is the removal of iodide from the inner ring of iodothyronines. 

Perrin s argument that the very nature of a unimolecular reaction demands independence of collisions, and therefore dependence on radiation, is adequately met both by the theory of Lindemann and by that of Christiansen and Kramers. Both these theories have the essential element in common that the distribution of energy among the molecules is not appreciably disturbed by the chemical transformation of the activated molecules thus the rate of reaction is proportional simply to the number of activated molecules and therefore to the total number of molecules, sinc in statistical equilibrium the activated molecules are a constant fraction of the whole. Thus the radiation theory is not necessary to explain the existence of reactions which are unimolecular over a wide range of pressures. 

Further systematic application of the new method led to the conclusion that the reaction scheme was still incomplete but that such rigorous model building demands independent variations of all reactant concentrations, which was beyond the scope of this investigation. 

At use of functions of other kind there will be a problem of the decision of nonlinear systems, extremely complex at the big number of unknown. Thus, the algorithm of the decision of optimization problems is represented clear enough, anyway, at this first stage of statement of a problem and development of algorithms. On the basis of the submitted reasons basically schematic circuit of computer optimization programs have been developed. However they demand independent consideration here again because of lack of a place their decision is not resulted. Dependence of efficiency of installations from HHP was defined enumeration of possibilities. 

Mentzer and Moon begin by reminding us that there are different types of demand. Independent demand is the amount of product demanded (by time and loeation) by end-use customers of the supply chain. APICS defines independent demand as that which is unrelated to the demand for other items. According to APICS, these can include finished goods, parts for testing, and service parts. 

Independent, dependent demand, derived demand Independent demand is driven by end-user or customer needs. It comes from outside the sphere or enterprise. Dependent demand derives from independent demand via a direct Imk between the end product through the bill of materials and triggers replenishment within the sphere or enterprise. Derived demand also depends on final demand but is not directly linked through the bill of materials, like steel being derived from the sale of automobiles. (APICS Dictionary, 11th edition, CD-ROM, 2004)... 

Thus, the functional derivative depends on the way the density is changed, whereas the theory demands independence from the way the density is changed, that is, the so-caUed Frechet derivatives are needed. 

We limit our examination to materials with a unique coherence between the present local stress and strain states, where deformation history or time-dependent processes do not matter. Under these conditions, the removal of loads leads to a complete reversal of deformations. In addition, we demand independence from mechanical field intensities within the intensity levels of interest ... 

Confederation of Independent States (CIS) are denoted as explored reserves and include proved, probable, and some possible gas. The data for Canada also include some probable reserves. The worldwide natural gas reserves have continued to increase as the demand for gas has increased and exploration efforts have expanded. In 1976, the world natural gas reserves were estimated to be 6.58 x 10. In 1987, the reserves were 1.06 x lO ", and by 1992... 

Friction Materials. PhenoHc friction materials are made from mol ding compounds developed to meet the extraordinary demands required by friction elements in the transportation industries. Friction materials are used for brake linings, clutch facings, and transmission bands. A moderately high coefficient of friction, which is temperature-independent, is needed. In addition, the material must be high in strength, low in wear and abrasion, and resistant to moisture and hydrauHc fluids. 

The United States became the world s first producer of deep crude oil from an oil well when in 1859 Colonel Edwin Drake successfully used a pipe drilled into the ground to obtain oil. From then until about 1970, the United States was virtually energy-independent with only some oil and gas imports from Mexico and Canada. Wliile U.S. reserves of coal, natural gas and uranium continue to be large enough to supply internal demand with enough left over to export, the supply of oil took a sharp turn downward. After 1970, even while U.S. demand continued to increase at a steep 6.5 percent per year, the supply of U.S. oil began to decline, necessitating sharp increases in U.S. oil imports. 

Another U.S. policy to attain energy independence was to force all Alaskan North Slope crude oil to he consumed inside the United States and not be allowed to he exported. The problem was that North Slope crude oil is relatively heavy and not suitable for west coast fuel needs. The mismatch of supply and demand caused California refineries to sell heavy distillate fuels abroad and import lighter fuel additives. Furthermore, the forced selling of Alaska crude oil on a very saturated west coast market caused Alaska crude prices to he 1 to 5 per barrel less than the international price, resulting in less oil exploration and development in Alaska. The upshot of all this was lower tax revenue, a loss of jobs in the oil fields, and less oil exploration and development on the North Slope. The United States actually exported heavy bunker fuel oil at a loss, as opposed to the profit that could have been attained by simply exporting crude oil directly. 

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