Dehydrocholate

The hydrolysis of dehydrocholic acid trishemithioketal (29) can be performed selectively to yield the 7,12-bishemithioketal (30), the 12-monohemi-thioketal (31) or the free triketone (32). ... 

Dehydrochol (Kanto Sawai Hokuriku) Hydrochol (Kyorin)... 

Sodium Dchydrocholate (City Chem.) wfm Sodium Dehydrocholate (Endo) wfm... 

C24H4q05 81 -25-4) see Chenodeoxycholic acid Dehydrocholic acid choline chloride... 

The methyl ester of the acid can very conveniently be prepared by esterifying in ten parts of methyl alcohol with hydrogen chloride. After boiling for quite a short time, the cold solution, saturated with hydrogen chloride, is poured into a large volume of dilute sodium carbonate solution, and the ester, which is precipitated in solid form, is dried and recrystallised from a little dilute methyl alcohol. Other compounds which may suitably be prepared are dehydrocholic add, cholatrienic add, and cholanic add. 

In the skin, cholesterol is converted to 7-dehydrocholes-terol by desaturation of the 9,10-carbon bond and ultraviolet light breaks this bond to produce cholecalciferol (Figure 15.12). The cholecalciferol is transported via the bloodstream to the liver where the first step in the activation of the hormone occurs, namely hydroxylation by a monooxygenase to produce 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol, which is transported to the kidney where a further hydroxylation takes place at the 1-position to produce la,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, which is the active form of the hormone (Figure 15.13). 

By means of B. coli crotyl alcohol (2-butene-l-ol) can be slowly reduced phytochemically to n-butanol. The same bacterium does not attack cinnamyl alcohol, but does slowly convert dehydrocholic acid to 7-hydroxy-3,12-diketocholic acid. ... 

In the bile cholesterol is kept soluble by fats, phospholipids like lecithin and by bile acids. The important bile acids in human bile are cholic acid, chen-odeoxycholic acid or chenodiol and ursodeoxycholic acid or ursodiol. Bile acids increase bile production. Dehydrocholic acid, a semisynthetic cholate is especially active in this respect. It stimulates the production of bile of low specific gravity and is therefore called a hydrocholeretic drug. Chenodiol and ursodiol but not cholic acid decrease the cholesterol content of bile by reducing cholesterol production and cholesterol secretion. Ursodiol also decreases cholesterol reabsorption. By these actions chenodiol and ursodiol are able to decrease the formation of cholesterolic gallstones and they can promote their dissolution. 

F-17(20)-dehydro-20-cyanopregnene, which may be isomerized in base to the Z-isomer. Elaboration of the side-chain by successive Grignard reaction, reduction, and removal of the 22-hydroxy-group followed. Key steps in two stereospecific syntheses of Z-20(22)-dehydrocholesterol (234) from pregnenolone were (a) stereospecific removal of the 20- and 22-oxygen atoms of (20i ,22S)-20,22-dihydroxycholesterol by conversion into the thiocarbonate (232) and treatment with triethyl phosphite and (b) selective epoxidation of iE -20(22)-dehydrocholes-teryl benzoate to the epoxides (233), which were allowed to react with hexamcthyIdisilane-KOMe in HMPA (see also ref. 179). Syntheses of the 24-... 

This paper reports the systematic study of the apparent anhydrous micellar weights of the three principal bile salts found in man and their glycine and taurine conjugates in respect to bile salt concentration, counterion concentration, temperature, pH, and urea concentration. On the basis of these studies, model structures of bile salt micelles are proposed. Sodium dehydrocholate, a triketo bile salt, was also studied but was not found to form micelles. 

The alkaloids corydine, bulbocapnine, and isocorydine have an adrenolytic effect (427, 428). All of them, including glaucine, act cholinergically (429, 430) this effect is, however, smaller than that of dehydrocholic acid. For the synthesis and pharmacology of aporphine, the pharmacology of (— )-nornuciferine and of pukateine, see Kupchan, et al. (379), Weisbach et al. (431), and Smith et al. (432, 433), Burkman and Cannon (434), and Fogg (435). 

The addition of activated charcoal or dehydrocholic acid to the feed, protected animals (C57BL/6J mice, CD-COBS rats, and guinea pigs) from increased mortality caused by a single lethal dose of... 

Common Name Acide dehydrocholique Acidum dehydrocholicum Acidum trioxocholanicum Dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholsaeure Ketocholanic acid... 

To a chromatographic column, packed with 6.67 g of charcoal ("Nuchar C") with layers of sea sand at either end, 75 ml of acetone was added to wet the carbon. The column was heated to 40°C, and 25 ml of acetone was drained off. A solution of 20 g of dry crude dehydrocholic acid in 500 ml of acetone was poured into a reservoir atop the column and maintained in this reservoir at 40°C. This solution was then allowed to drop through the column at a constant rate over a 3-hour period. The column was then washed with 250 ml of acetone flowing through the column at a constant rate over a 1-hour-period at 40°C. The column effluent and wash acetone were combined and concentrated to a residual volume of about 100 ml which resulted in the formation of a thick slurry. The slurry was cooled with stirring at 0° to 5°C and aged for 30 min at this temperature. The slurry was filtered and the filter cake washed with cold acetone. The filter cake of U.S.P. dehydrocholic acid was sucked partially dry on the filter and then dried at 110°C for 3 hours. 

A second crop of crystals was obtained from the combined filtrate and wash liquid from the first crop filtration. This mixture, which initially had a volume of about 100 ml, was concentrated to 20 ml. 10 ml of water was added to the solution and 10 ml of acetone mixed with a small amount of water distilled off. The residual thick slurry of dehydrocholic acid was cooled to 0-5°C, aged at... 

Combinations of Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes. Combinations of nonelectrolytes and electrolytes were often found to be superior to either alone at improving percutaneous absorption of DIL and DSCG. In particular, the bioavailability of DIL was increased remarkably by BL-9EX/TLP-4, Vifpant N/TLP-4, urea/TLP-4, urea/sacrosinate LN and urea/dehydrocholic acid. It is... 

Zempl i, of aldononitriles, IV, 138 AVDehydroandrosterone, IV, 93 Dehydrocholic acid, IV, 106 Dehydrodesoxycholic acid, IV, 92 Dehydrohalogenation, of halo carbohydrates, III, 102 Density of cellulosic fibers, V, 121 Depolymerase, action on pectic acids, V, 82, 92... 

---