Degree of saturation

The degree of saturation (S) is defined as the ratio of the volume of the water to the volume of all voids (V,) (volume of air voids and voids filled with water). The equation to determine the degree of saturation is 

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Then, the MW power is increased in order to partially saturate the EPR transition. The degree of saturation is provided by the saturation factor s defined earlier (see equation (bl.l5.13fi. 

Compounds with amino or hydroxyl groups decrease in biodegradabihty relative to degree of saturation, in the following order primary, secondary, then tertiary carbon atom of attachment. 

A big concern in swimming pools is prevention of etching and scaling (ie, precipitation of CaCO ) which can be controlled by maintenance of a proper degree of saturation with respect to calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate dissolution-precipitation equiUbrium is represented by ... 

PPTA = degree of saturation of (NH 2S04 solution necessary for precipitation of factor. Synthesis is vitamin K-dependent. 

Changes in particle-size distribution affect the pore distribution of the powder. Large pores between particles enhance the rate of binder penetration, whereas they decrease the final extent. In addition, the particle-size distribution affects the ability of the particles to pack within the drop as well as the final degree of saturation [Waldie, Chem. Engin. ScL, 46,2781 (1991)]. 

Excellent ageing. This is due to the high degree of saturation in the polymer chain. 

It is now useful to recall the concepts of molarity and fractional saturation (Astarita etal., 1983). The molarity, mj, of areactive MSA is the total equivalent concentration of species that may react with component A. On the other hand, the fractional saturation, uj, is a variable that represents the degree of saturation of chemically combined A in the jth lean phase. Therefore, ujmj is the total concentration of chemically combined A in the yth MSA. Hence, the total concentration of A in MSA j can be expressed as... 

Percentage saturation The ratio of tJie moisture content of moist air at a given temperature to the moisture content of saturated air at the same temperature. Also known as degree of saturation. 

They can be further classified according to the degree of saturation and the position of double bonds. The fully saturated ring is tetrahy dro-1,3-oxazine ... 

The degree of saturation denotes the actual relationship between the weight of moisture existing in a space and the weight that would exist if the space were saturated. 

Macrocyclic polyamines may be viewed as an extended form of linear polyamines 13-161 with one less degree of saturation. Polyamines with lower degrees of saturation, have important biological functions. Compounds such as macrocyclic polyimines 171 and porphyrines 18), function as 02 carriers and activators, promote photosynthesis, form the basic structure of vitamine B12, etc., and for these reasons have been subjects of intense investigation. 

The degree of saturation of carboxylic CP with protein (Y) is determined by the ratio of the amount of protein bonded under these conditions (at a predetermined concentration in solution) to the maximum amount Y = m/M. In this case, Hill s equation becomes... 

LPA, i.e. monoacyl-glycerol-3-phosphate, can be formed and degraded by multiple metabolic pathways (Fig. 1). Depending on the precursor molecule and respective pathway, the fatty acid chain in LPA differs in length, degree of saturation and position (sn-1 or sn-2), which has an influence on biological activity. LPA... 

Relative humidity (RH) is the degree of saturation (0-100%) at any dry-bulb temperature. 

In the sulfosuccinate esters a comparable hydrophobic part consists of the fatty chain plus the functionalities introduced by maleic acid anhydride function. The product variation would then be possible by changing the chain length and/or degree of saturation of the fatty alcohol. The fatty alcohol itself can be replaced by an ethoxylated fatty alcohol with different degrees of ethoxylation as another parameter to be varied. 

Fatty alcohol Chain length Degree of saturation Purity... 

Fatty alcohol + ethylene oxide Chain length Degree of saturation Purity Degree of ethoxylation Distribution of homologs... 

Amine Primary or secondary Monoamide or diamide Alkyl chain chain length Degree of saturation Substituents, e.g. ... 

Since complete humidification is not always attained, an allowance must be made when designing air humidification cycles. For example, if only 95 per cent saturation is attained the adiabatic cooling line should be followed only to the point corresponding to that degree of saturation, and therefore the gas must be heated to a slightly higher temperature before adiabatic cooling is commenced. 

If the temperature of dry saturated steam is increased, then, in the absence of entrained moisture, the relative humidity or degree of saturation is reduced and the steam becomes superheated (Fig. 20.5). During sterilization this can arise in a number ofways, for example by overheating the steamjacket (see section 4.2.2), by using too dry a steam supply, by excessive pressure reduction during passage of steam from the boiler to the sterilizer chamber, and by evolution of heat of hydration when steaming... 

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