Deformation phenomena

As was indicated in Sec. 1.2, the conclusion that the deformation phenomena play the smallest role in NaF was based first on the statement that its heat of sublimation (S) constitutes among the alkali halides the largest fraction of the lattice energy (17). The corresponding data in Table 5 show that the gradation of this fraction, SjU, is in fact closely parallel to that of the degree of polarity p both properties show a... 

A final comparison of low temperature crazes with shear bands reveals that both deformation phenomena are related. The surface morphologies are quite similar because both modes of plastic deformation depend upon the relative displacement of domains of a size of 10 to 100 nm. However, crazing is controlled by a tensile stress and the fibrous matter contains voids. Shear banding, on the other hand, is controlled by a shear stress which encourages lateral movements without voiding. The final breakdown process may then be initiated in both cases by a random rupture at the upper or lower edge of the deformation zone (Fig. 39 a, b). 

Ghadiri et al. (1991) used SEM to study the impact damage on NaCl particles developed from different processing routes. Local plastic deformation phenomena leading to cracks, including lateral cracks, and flaw paths are illustrated in Ghadiri et al. (1991). Yan and Barbosa-Canovas (1997)... 

In our discussion of deformation phenomena, some important features were not considered (due to space limitations). One of them, which has received much attention, is the influence of the monolayer equilibrium curvature on the membrane deformation [91,133]. These features should be addressed in further development of the nonuniform model. 

The seismic engineering texts (e.g. CasteUani el al., 2000) and the many electronic computer programs now available (SAP, MARC, ADYNA, ANSYS, etc.) are a reliable basis for these analyses, but considerable computer-power may be needed, with associated high costs, where a plastic analysis of complex structures has to be performed. Similarly, the inclusion of ductility factors, where allowed and made in a conservative way, has to be done with care and attention in particular it is necessary to distinguish between ductility of a structure point (section) and the complex of the structure, to avoid an excessively conservative outcome and to highlight the possible onset of self-amplification of the cycle load-deformation phenomena P- effects), already mentioned above. 

When a comparison is made between the two plots, it is revealed that the upper sensor curves appear to be noisier and more hysterical as compared to the lower sensor curves. This signifies an important difference in energy absorption/release mechanism and mechanical deformation phenomena (compression and traction) at the top and bottom faces of the composite specimen during cyclic loading. 

The resistance to motion that a solid experiences while moving across a surface is called friction. Frictional forces between solids affect the sliding between two solid materials and are strongly related to the type and nature of the interfaces and thin films existing at the surface of these solids. Deformation phenomena like elasticity, flow and creep, adhesion, friction, and lubrication arise during sliding of two solids over each other. 

In one of the first attempts to apply rapid-scanning FTIR spectroscopy to the dynamic study of deformation phenomena in polymers isotactic polypropylene has been investigated by this technique... 

The potential of ROFTIR has been exploited in a wide variety of polymer systems. These include the orientation processes during elongation and relaxation of polyethylene [299-301, 312] uniaxial deformation phenomena in polypropylene [302, 303, 309-311], PET [304, 305] and polystyrene [306] hard and soft segmental orientations during stretching of polyurethanes [307, 308] and the stress-induced reversible a-P phase transition in crystalline PBT [312-314] and uniaxial deformation of amorphous PBT [315]. 

Radio Sci 41 RS4017. doi 10.1029/2005RS003436 Crosetto M, Crippa B, Biescas E (2005) Early detection and in-depth analysis of deformation phenomena by radar interferometry. Eng Geol 79 81-91 Curlander JC, McDonough R (1991) Synthetic aperture radar - system and signal processing. Wiley, New York... 

During the resistance heating tests, a temperature gradient develops over the specimen width due to the poor aspect ratio of the specimens, which causes additional deformation phenomena termed hot tube or corkscrew behaviour. 

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