Definitions and explanations

The first part of this book is dedicated to a discussion of mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation. We start with a list of basic definitions and explanations (Chapter 1). Chapter 2 is devoted to the mass spectrometer and its building blocks. In this chapter we describe in relative detail the most common ion sources, mass analyzers, and detectors. Some of the techniques are not extensively used today, but they are often cited in the MS literature, and are important contributions to the history of MS instrumentation. In Chapter 3 we describe both different fragmentation methods and several typical tandem MS analyzer configurations. Chapter 4 is somewhat of an outsider. Separation methods is certainly too vast a topic to do full justice in less than twenty pages. However, some separation methods are used in such close alliance with MS that the two techniques are always referred to as one combined analytical tool, for example, GC-MS and LC-MS. In effect, it is almost impossible to study the MS literature without coming across at least one separation method. Our main goal with Chapter 4 is, therefore, to facilitate an introduction to the MS literature for the reader by providing a short summary of the basic principles of some of the most common separation methods that have been used in conjunction with mass spectrometry. 

Mass Spectrometry. Edited by Ekman, Silberring, Westman-Brinkmalm, and Kraj Copyright 2009 John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

Accurate Mass An experimentally determined mass of an ion that is used to determine an elemental formula. For ions containing combinations of the elements C, H, N, O, P, S, and the halogens, with mass less than 200 Da, a measurement with 5 ppm uncertainty is sufficient to uniquely determine the elemental composition. See also related entries on average mass dalton molar mass monoisotopic mass nominal mass unified atomic mass unit. 

Atomic Mass Unit See unified atomic mass unit. 

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The field of metaHurgy has a unique and frequently very specialized vocabulary. Understanding this language helps to clarify certain concepts and processing steps. A complete dictionary of mining, mineral, and related terms has been compiled (2). The definitions and explanations of key terms foHow. 

As in any new field, new structures demand novel names. As the variety of structures has increased, the names have kept pace. Although some may be dismayed by this, the different names connote not only different structural types or functional groups, but conceptual differences among the various classes as well. In order to introduce the novitiate and perljaps remind the journeyman, we provide a few definitions and explanations herewith. 

With the straight textbook definition and explanation, the gain margin and phase margin of the... 

Prior to a profound discussion of the means of generating, characterizing, processing, and recycling macromolecules, some basic definitions and explanations should be provided. 

In the table below are given the valence isomers of benzene (for definition and explanation see the article, benzene and its isomers, resonance, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 74-78, 2001). A few properties that are listed here give an idea of how different and interesting such isomers could be. These structures can be found among the 217 structures given in this poster. ... 

The US experts in rocket-techniques and the Institute of Makers of Explosives published glossaries on the definition and explanations of technical terms. Parts of them have been incorporated in the text. 

This volume has just such a purpose. The first few chapters review the silanes and their derivatives in some detail, in order to provide an understanding of the fundamental chemistry of the nonsilicate compounds of silicon. The later chapters emphasize the silicone polymers which have achieved commercial importance and deal with the methods for their preparation, their chemical and physical properties, and their possible uses. The processes available for large-scale production are treated separately, and a review of methods of analysis is included. In order not to burden the text with definitions and explanations of nomenclature which might already be familiar to some readers, an extensive glossary of terms is appended. 

In the third part of this book, there are various appendices, within which you will find a working definition and explanation of every common term, notation... 

To understand the photophysical processes that occur in the silver halides, it is useful for the general reader to become familiar with some concepts that are part of the language of solid state physics. The following definitions and explanations are meant to be more qualitative than rigorous. Many introductory texts on solid state physics are available for more complete definitions and background information [5-9], The material outlined below was taken from these texts. 

Provide definitions and explanations work notes follow-up questions. 

Definitions and Explanations of Some Commonly Encountered Terms... 

The following section reviews the definitions and explanations of environmental and social labels used in the literature. 

Figure 16.4 Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) at TPSS-D3/def2-TZVP level for donor-acceptor bond formation in MejN-BMej (rigid fragment approximation). For a definition and explanation of the energy terms, see text.

But what does sustainable mean for the apparel retail industry Sustainability is a word that elicits a multitude of definitions and explanations depending on your point of view and even your geographic location. The broad range of definitions for sustainability is a reflection of the fact that sustainability is incredibly complex, where interdependencies can often be hidden or misunderstood, and where just measuring sustainability can be difficult and confusing, particularly when considering ethical and social issues. 

Below is a series of brief definitions and explanations of some of... 

The purpose of this chapter is to look back over the last decades to find a guide to future breakthroughs in adhesion. Let us first consider the problems of adhesion which have been solved, and then look forward to the definition and explanation of the remaining mysteries of molecular forces. 

The fire protection and environmental fields also use identical and similar terminology, which may be slightly different in selected applications. This book focuses on terminology that is applied and used in loss prevention and control. Therefore, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards and interpretations are utilized as guidelines for the definitions and explanations. 

An all-encompassing reference, the book uses OSHA standards and interpretations as guidelines for the definitions and explanations. Drawing from the many areas that influence the terminology, it provides a basic understanding of the many terms used in loss prevention and safety control. 

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