Defining color

By 1931, CIE had developed one of the first mathematically defined color spaces, considering principally the perception of color. In 1993, commercial members 

The ICC color space defines options of what to do if a color cannot be matched between two systems (ICC, 2006, pp. vii-viti). Each of the four rendering intents  

Alternatively, saturation or perceptual rendering prioritizes the overall color scheme and uses gamut compression to prioritize the relationship between colors, shifting most if not all of the hues so as to reproduce all of them within a particular gamut (Anderson and Krogh, 2011). These types of rendering can be described as follows  

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Since color matching is meant for humans, it is natural to define color in terms of an average, or "Standard Observer". Our first step is to build an instrument which contains three colored lamp sources, a place for the individual observer, intensity detectors, and a monochromator, as shown in 7.8.19. on the next page. 

Define "color" in terms of % red, % green and % blue, as compared to monochromatic radiation... 

We finally arrive at the result we want, since we can now set up "Tristimulus Filters" to use in defining colors. We can now define "y as our standard luminosity curve for the human eye (photopic vision). Note that x, the red tristimulus value, has a certain amount of blue in it in order to duplicate the response of the red preceptor in the retina. 

Our next step is to define colors in terms of tristimulus responses. We know that we can define the energy of any spectral curve as a summation of intensities times wavelengths, i.e.-... 

This option lets you define colors for the elements in the Spectrum window. Again the self-explanatory dialog box opened by this option depends on the currently selected display mode (normal, dual, multiple). 

The problem with defining color is the necessary adaptation to the human eye, whose retina has 9 x 108 rod cells (most sensitive to faint light) and three... 

On occasion, a colorist may be asked to match to a set of reflectance numbers, or L, A, B coordinates, generated by spectrophotometric measurement of a color standard from a remote location. In other words, he or she will be asked to match a color that they have not seen. While instrumentation technology has improved over recent years, there still may be enough variance between individual spectrophotometer to cause a color rejection. Instruments are extremely helpful quality control tools to measure color and numerically define color differences. However, their use as a device to reduce a color target to a set of numbers and then send that set of numbers to a color formulator as a target for matching is seldom successful. Physical color standards that can be viewed under various light sources are preferred. 

There are different types of microbial mats, based on colorless sulfur bacteria, purple sulfur bacteria, iron bacteria and cyanobacteria. The most studied mats are those represented by filamentous cyanobacteria. They are widely distributed in protected intertidal sand flats where periodic desiccation discourages colonization hy marine invertebrates. The characteristic, sharply defined, colored hands of such mats (green in the top, red or purple a few millimeters down and heneath this hlack) were recorded as early as the middle of the ninetieth century. Such shallow waters or intertidal mats have now been recorded in many places of the World. These mats are all ephemeral or seasonal, and only in some specific conditions of tropical and subtropical lagoons can they form permanently. 

Vented pans are applied most commonly to tablets for various purposes. Color coats are commonly used to provide an improved appearance or a brand defining color. Controlled release coats for enteric, delayed for sustained release are typically applied in vented pans. Coatings can be applied for improved surface characteristics such as a seal coat to minimize handling exposure to a core tablet, an oxygen or moisture barrier for improved stability, or to impart a slippery quality to a tablet when wetted to facilitate swallowing. 

Briefly, colored sfgnofs must be unequivocally recognized and named as to the color they represent by all observers who are not co1or blind. The color should not lose its quality when viewed from a long distance Or under other unfavorable conditions such as through haze or in daytime. Fireworks, on the contrary, need neither be very intense in luminosity nor restricted to definable colors. They are viewed from a conveniently close spot on clear nights and delight the eye by a wide variety of delicate tints of, say, pink, carmine, or lavender—none of which would be a suitable red, coded as such. 

Hue One of the characteristics that distinguishes one color from another. Hue defines color on the basis of its position in the spectrum (red, blue, green, yellow, etc.). Hue is one of the three characteristics of television color. Hue is often referred to as tint. In NTSC and PAL video signals, the hue information at any particular point in the picture is conveyed by the corresponding instantaneous phase of the active video subcarrier. 

Color is a subject that sprawls across the four enormous disciplines of physics, chemistry, physiology and psychology. Any attempt to arrive at a satisfactory definition of the word involves a dip into each of these disciplines and into the areas that overlap them. Furthermore, the word color can be applied to not only the visual arts, but also to the worlds of law, music, dance, verbal expression, and personality traits. The American Heritage Dictionary [2] defines color in eighteen different ways, and devotes a half-page article to explaining the definitions of color names used elsewhere in the dictionary. 

The color of a textile can be completely defined by the reflectance color spectrum of the fabric as seen above however, since spectra are of limited value in defining given colors or shades, and numerical color systems have been developed to quantitatively or qual itatively define color. Knowing the relative position of two colors within the color space permits die to determine differences between the two colors. Color is often defined by the following terms hue, chroma or saturation, and lightness or value. These color terms are defined as follows ... 

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