Deferoxamine mesylate

Contraindications Severe renal disease, anuria, primary hemochromatosis, hypersensitivity to deferoxamine mesylate or any component of the formulation... 

Synonyms. Deferoxamine Mesylate Desferrioxamine B Mesylate Desferrioxamine Methanesulphonate. 

Kruck TP, Fisher EA, McLachlan DR. A predictor for side effects in patients with Alzheimer s disease treated with deferoxamine mesylate. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993 53(l) 30-7. 

Anonymous. Mucormycosis induced by deferoxamine mesylate. Information on Adverse Reactions to Drugs. Japan Pharmaceutical Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare, February 1988. 

EDTA, NaF/K oxalate and citrate plasma should not be used. Deferoxamine mesylate at a concentration of2 500 mg/1 and higher (peaks under therapeutic use up to 184 mg/1 in serum) results in iron values below the analyzer range. 

Experimentally, deferoxamine mesylate has been effective in treating gallium toxicity. Ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid and weso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid have not been effective. 

Enhanced excretion of vanadium was achieved with chelation therapy provided by deferoxamine mesylate (DFOA) (Gomez et al. 1988). Humans or animals with vanadium poisoning have not been helped by the chelating agent dimercaprol (BAL), which is often effective in lessening the toxicity of other metals (Lusky et al. 1949). Intraperitoneal injections of ascorbic acid and of ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) reduced vanadium-induced morbidity in mice and rats (Jones and Basinger 1983 Mitchell and Floyd 1954). 

Deferoxamine deferoxamine mesylate, desferal mesylate) is poorly absorbed after oral administration, and parenteral administration is required in most cases. For severe iron toxicity (serum iron levels >500 /rg/dL), the intravenous route is preferred. The drug is administered at 10-15 mg/kg/h by constant infusion. Faster rates of infusion (45 mg/kg/h) have been used in a few cases rapid boluses usually are associated with hypotension. Deferoxamine may be given intramuscularly in moderately toxic cases (serum iron 350-500 )ig/dL) at a dose of 50 mg/kg with a maximum dose of 1 g. Hypotension also can occur with the intramuscular route. 

A. Parenteral. Deferoxamine mesylate (Desferal), vials containing 500 mg of lyophilized powder. 

Spin-traps DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-l- pyrroline-N-oxide), MNP (2-methyl-2-nitroso-propane, dimer), dG (2 -deoxyguanosine monophosphate), 8-HOdG standard (8-hydroxy-2 -deoxyguanosine) and deferoxamine mesylate were purchased from Sigma phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (30%), were purchased from Merck. All other chemicals used were of analytical quality. 

Yang 1981). Support for the theory of alkyl radical transfer was provided by Ortiz de Monellano et al. (1983) who used the electronic paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping technique to detect the 2-phenylethyl radical formed during microsomal biotransformation of phenelzine. Production of the a-(4-pyridyl 1 -oxide)-N-ferf-butylnitrone/2-phenyl-ethyl radical adduct was dependent on the presence of active microsomes, phenelzine, NADPH (or NADH), and spin trap a-(4-pyridyl l-oxide)-N-ferf-butylnitrone (Ortiz de Monellano et al. 1983). The addition of catalase and superoxide dismutase resulted in a 28.5 and 24 % decrease in radical production, respectively (Rumyantseva et al. 1991). The concentration of the a-(4-pyridyl l-oxide)-N-ferf-butylnitrone/2-phenylethyl radical adduct decreased significantly in the presence of metal chelators, i.e. EDTA, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), or deferoxamine mesylate. 

Since triglycerides comprise polyunsaturated fatty acids moieties prone to oxidation owing to the conjugated double bonds and possible delocalization of the electrons (Figure 12.1), care must be taken to minimize or eliminate such an oxidation. a-Tocopherol is a good example of an antioxidant used to obtain a desired stabilized lipid emulsion under prolonged storage conditions. Therefore, a-tocopherol (0.001-0.002%, w/w) should be included in a typical lipid emulsion formulation for ocular use. Other possible antioxidants include deferoxamine mesylate, ascorbic acid and EDTA. 

A Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews meta-analysis of 22 trials including 2187 participants of deferoxamine mesylate for the treatment of iron overload in people with transfusion-dependent thalassaemias was performed [47 ]. Adverse events were recorded in 18 trials. Five trials reported a total of seven deaths, three in patients with defroxamine alone and two in patients who received deferoxamine and deferiprone. Seven trials reported cardiac function or liver fibrosis in end organ damage. The authors concluded that there is a need for adequately powered, high-quality trials comparing the overall clinical efficacy and long-term outcomes of deferiprone, deferasirox and deferoxamine. 

Various compounds have been tested in animal studies in the quest to develop an effective chlorine-specific treatment based on its mechanism of action (Table 24.4). The evaluated compounds include the antioxidants dimethyl-thiourea, ascorbic acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and deferoxamine mesylate (Leustik et al., 2008 McGovern et al., 2010 Zarogiannis et al., 2011) sodium nitrite (Yadav et al., 2011) the corticosteroids mometasone, budesonide, and dexa-methasone (Ghen et al., 2013 Jonasson et al., 2013), the type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram (Chang et al., 2012), and the p2-agonist arformoterol (Song et al., 2011). 

Figure 2.6 (a) TEM image of a lamellar yttrium oxide-benzoate nanohybrid. (Reproduced from Ref. [128].) (b) HRTEM image of tungsten oxide hybrid nanostructures synthesized with deferoxamine mesylate as a structure-directing ligand. (Reproduced from... 

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