Deep sensor

Before starting the realisation of silicium coils, we construct a simpler probe with a 27 mm long excitation coil and 16 wired coil sensors, with 1 mm diameter and 1 mm long. We cannot hope any reconstruction with such a probe, but this allows to validate the whole approach. We tried it with test tubes with longitudinal or circonferential notches, external or internal, 100 pm wide, 100%, 60%, 40%, 20% and 10% deep. Our attention has been especially focused on circonferential notches, which are difficult to detect with usual probes. For example, the measurement signals at 240 kHz standard frequency are shown figure 6 7. 

The comparison between the detection cartography (fig. 12) and the signal cartography given by the sensors (figure 7) for the same tube sample, shows the efficiency of our detection technique. Indeed, in the detection cartography, every inner notch present in the tube sample, even the 10% deep notch, is detected... 

In the summer of 2004, the NATO A.S.I. on the subject Optical Chemical Sensors was organised in Erice, Sicily. This NATO A.S.I. was the 40th Course of the International School of Quantum Electronics, under the auspices of the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Center for Scientific Culture and was directed by Dr. J. Homola of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronic (IREE) of the Academy of Sciences in Prague and by Dr. F.Baldini of the Nello Carrara Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC-CNR). It is also the fourth course in the framework of the ASCOS (Advanced Study Course on Optical Chemical Sensors) series, founded in 1999 by Prof. Otto Wolfbeis. This book presents the Proceedings of this advanced course providing a deep overview of both the fundamentals of optical chemical sensing and the applications of chemical sensors. 

Fe(hyptrz)3](4-chlorophenylsulfonate)2-H20. A very steep HS LS transition is observed at room temperature around 5 kbar accompanied by a colour change from white to deep purple. This property could be used for an application such as a pressure sensor or display [53]. 

Conventional evanescent sensing works exceedingly well for relatively small biomolecules such as proteins and DNA molecules whose size is much smaller than the decay length. However, it becomes less sensitive when detecting biospecies, such as cells, with dimensions over 1 pm. In Chap. 15, deep-probe waveguide sensors are developed to overcome this limitation, which have a decay length comparable to the size of the biospecies of interest. 

Therefore the flicker noise is expected to grow with 7 as the device size is scaled down. In deep submicron MOSFETs the corner frequency at which thermal noise equals flicker noise may be as large as 100 MHz, indicating that, at low frequency, 1/f noise is the most severe noise source which affects sensor performance. 

Capability of remote measurements. The small size of the fiber and its electrical, chemical, and thermal inertness allow long-term location of the sensor deep inside complex equipment and thereby provide access to difficult locations where temperature may be of interest. Beyond this, however, certain of the optical techniques allow noncontact or remote sensing of temperature. 

The disposable micro-glucose sensor consisted of thin-film electrodes positioned on a glass substrate and a small sample chamber (the iimer volume of which weis only 20 nL) was brought into contact with a silicon chip. Measmements were possible with as little as 1 pL of sample. The sensor sUncture is depicted in Fig. 3.18.E. The 10 x 20 mm silicon chip had a V-shaped groove that was 100-pm in wide, 70-pm deep and 5-mm long, in addition to two square sample inlets and five contact holes to connect lead wires to electrodes, all of which were formed by anisotropically etching the silicon. Four working electrodes that were 200 pm in width, and one counter-electrode that was 1.5-mm wide, were formed on a Pyrex substrate. The silicon chip and the Pyrex substrate were thermally bonded. 

In summary, as far as it can be presently understood, there is little peculiarity as to the secondary metabolites of deep-water marine organisms, except, perhaps, the free porphyrins of medusae and sponges an adaptive role of sensors in the absence of light may be suggested for them. The secondary metabolism - mostly unexceptional in the global perspective of marine organisms - seems to be more related to the range of the species - a composite of many factors - than to any effect clearly attributable to the hydrostatic pressure. 

---