Deciduous woods

Charcoal was made from common deciduous woods such as birch, willow or alder, the last two being preferred. 

Gravitis, J., Vedernikov, N., Zandersons, J. and Kokorevics, A. 2001. Furfural and Levoglucosan Production from Deciduous Wood and Agricultural Wastes. ACS Symposium Series, 784, 110-122. 

Mannans are found more often in coniferous than in deciduous woods, and they also occur in the thickened cell walls of hard seeds, e.g., the... 

Catalysts of wood pyrolysis are used to increase the yield of charcoal and to obtain a charcoal with modified properties or to produce definite valuable volatile products. The substances promoting condensation reactions are employed if high jields of charcoal are desired (4, 5, 7). Some catalysts increase the apparent density of charcoal, the pore dimensions and their adsorbency nature. Of all silvichemicals charcoal is currenUy the most in demand Commercial interest is focused on deciduous wood charcoal or charcoal briquettes. 

Not all cells within wood, however, are degraded equally. In general, wood fibers from hardwoods decay faster and to a greater extent than tracheids from conifers. Within deciduous wood, the fibers and ray parenchyma cells may be totally degraded while vessels remain relatively free from attack. In a recent study of wood decay under natural conditions, fibers and parenchyma cells in Acer and Tilia were completely degraded, but vessel elements were not (3i). Advanced stages of this type of white rot consisted entirely of vessels (Figure 5). 

Comments Psiiocybe cyanescens in a primary decomposer, readiiy digesting newiy cut aider and other deciduous woods. Considered the grandote of the Pacific Northwest, this species is both... 

Another hemicellulose, Galactan, is a minor component of some coniferous and deciduous woods. Larch wood was shown to contain about 8% of this polymer. ... 

Furfural and Levoglucosan Production from Deciduous Wood and Agricultural Wastes... 

The production of ethanol alone is not economically feasible without continued subsidies but a plant becomes profitable if it produces ethanol and furfural as co-products (10). The technology development in the Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry (LSIWC) provides an excellent possibility for producing both furfural and ethanol. As a result, the problem of the complete utilization of the deciduous wood polysaccharide complex yielding furfural and fermentable sugars to be used subsequently for the production of bioethanol and other microbial synthesis products has been solved. Residual lignin could be used as a calorific fuel. 

Table 9.1.3. Main odor constituents of some deciduous woods...

Largest fraction from deciduous wood and annual plants... 

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