Data translation performance

The look, or format, of the data, network security, and file transfers is determined by the Presentation layer. It performs protocol conversion and manages data compression. Data translation and encryption are handled at this layer. Also, the character set information is determined at this level. (The character set determines which numbers represent which alphanumeric characters.)... 

Time performance is becoming particularly critical in ETL tools that typically deal with large volumes of data. Recent ETL benchmarks [Simitsis et al. 2009] consider it as one of the major factors of every ETL tool evaluation. Other similar factors that are also mentioned in ETL benchmarks are the workflow execution throughput, the average latency per tuple, and the workflow execution throughput under failures. The notion of time performance in ETL tools extends beyond the end of the ETL workflow construction by considering, apart from the data translation time, the time required to answer business-level queries on the transformed data. 

The Manual also advises about the various types of dredging equipment, fill material and soil improvement techniques and what geotechnical data are required for production estimates of dredging equipment and for analysing the suitabihty of fill material. Emphasis is placed on how to translate performance and functional requirements into a measurable properties of the fill mass, with special attention focussed on density, strength and stiffiness characteristics and to liquefaction and breaching. 

The purpose of translation is to change the position of the data with respect to the coordinate axes. Usually, the data are translated such that the origin coincides with the mean of the data set. Thus, to mean-center the data, let be the datum associated with the kth measurement on the /th sample. The mean-centered value is computed as = x.f — X/ where xl is the mean for variable k. This procedure is performed on all of the data to produce a new data matrix the variables of which are now referred to as features. 

Executable statements, which are translated into machine code, are instructions by which operations are performed on data or by which the sequence of execution is changed. Statements producing operations on data are ... 

The detailed design description is translated into source code. Useful descriptions for a module, including expected inputs and outputs, operations to be performed, and expected data types, are often provided in code comments. Source code evaluations, such as code inspections and code walkthroughs, should be conducted to verily compliance with the corresponding design specifications. 

In the future, it is likely that many labor-intensive functional immunological assays performed in vivo or ex vivo will be replaced by high throughput multiparameter cytometric-based assays. The challenges faced both today and in the future have been recently described.56 For example, translational aspects of the nonclinical data to the clinical setting are difficult because despite much similarity, there are still species differences in some of the very basic aspects of the immune system. Additionally, reagents... 

Once this has been done, the translation to internal form can be performed. Finally the rule is added to the axiom data base. 

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