Management/distribution data

In distributed systems, each participating site must be equipped with a desktop or a laptop computer loaded with the distributed data collection system software to collect and enter data locally. In addition, each site is provided with necessary storage devices such as tapes, zip diskettes, and CDs and peripheral devices such as printers. Collected data are transferred periodically to the central location as files saved on storage devices, via phone modems, by FTP, or through wireless communications, where they are managed by a centralized data management system. 

In web-based application models that use web browsers to display information sent by the application server, the largest part of the data management applications reside on the server. This model has many advantages over the distributed model, but it has important limitations (1) All participating sites must have an Internet connection (2) it requires the ability to constantly be... 

Schmidt JR, Vignati AJ, Pagash RM, Simmons VA, Evans RL. Web-based distributed data management in the Childhood Asthma Research (CARE) network. 

Chiron provides a microwell plate heater, a luminometer, and data management software. The plate heater is specially designed to provide precise control of the hybridization temperature (0 0.5°C) and to distribute heat evenly throughout the microwell plate. The luminometer maintains a temperature of 37°C and accommodates the 96-well plates. The data management software runs on an IBM PC or compatible computer with a minimum of 80386,16-Mhz microprocessor, 2 Mb of RAM, monitor, mouse, compatible printer, MS DOS (version 5.0 or greater), and Windows (version 3.1 or greater). 

The management of this screening workload distributed across multiple workstations can be rather labor-intensive and error prone without appropriate sample and data management tools. This places a large resource burden on screeners who could otherwise spend their time on higher-value activities such as more rigorous data evaluation. 

FIGURE 9 Simulation network for distributed pharmaceutical manufacturing systems and their warehouses in U.S., Europe, India, and Asia. Model focuses on information and data management, the way the servers can cope with the task of tracking pharmaceutical product, and RFID data on a world wide basis. As a modeling tool we use OPNET, a professional network simulation tool. 

The mechanism of updating the OCAD (2) provides the regulatory framework for the processes of OCAD. The mechanism is consultative and enables approved validated spectra to be incorporated in the OCAD. The whole process entails sourcing the data, its validation by the VG, its approval by the Executive Council (EC), organization, management, distribution, and archiving of the OCAD. 

The NONMEM (nonlinear mixed-effects modeling) software (Beal et al. 1992), mostly used in population pharmacokinetics, was developed at the University of California and is presently distributed by Globomax. For data management, post processing and diagnostic plots, the software S-plus (Mathsoft) is frequently used. 

These analyses, combined with data from in situ sensors, provide information on small-scale and mesoscale features not otherwise available. Signals in the sample stream are modified by passage through the hose. This modification and time delays introduced by analysis must be considered in sampling strategy and data management approaches. This system has been used to determine nutrients, in vivo fluorescence, and temperature in a warm core ring. Examples of the results are provided the fluorescence, temperature, and nitrate distributions show considerable independence. 

From the data management perspective, the clinical data coordinator (CDC) is the central team member receiving and distributing data-related information to the project team members. The CDC meets with the project team members to review the project material collected and to elicit the rules and special requirements from the statistician, clinician, safety officer, medical writer and regulatory associates. These project materials, rules and special requirements will be considered in conjunction with data management requirements to develop the data management plan. The CDC should prepare the following documents before the clinical trials are initiated ... 

IS095 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 21 N9214 Open Systems Interconnection, Data Management and Open Distributed Processing Proposed Draft Amendment ISO/IEC 9594-2/4,9594-6-2, 9594-7/1, 9594-8/1, 12.05.1995. 

Kim, Y., Kang, S., Lee, S., Yoo, S. A distributed, open, intelligent product data management system. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 14, 224-235 (2001)... 

Laboratories generate a vast amount of data and information that has to be organized, managed, and distributed by data management systems. 

From the data management perspective, the clinical data coordinator (CDC) is the central team member receiving and to distributing data-related information to the project team members. The CDC meets with the project team members to review the project material collected and to elicit... 

Responsibility 7. Maintain a record keeping and data capture and retrieval system by using appropriate data management systems to acquire, analyze and distribute accurate data. 

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