Warm core ring

Hama, T. 1992. Primary productivity and photosynthetic products around the Kuroshio warm-core ring. Deep Sea Research 39 279-293. 

Wiebe, P.H., Copley, N.J., and Boyd, S.H., Coarse-scale horizontal patchiness and vertical migration of zooplankton in Gulf Stream warm-core ring 82-H, Deep Sea Res., 39, S247, 1992. 

Brzezinski, M.A., and Nelsen, D.M. (1989) Seasonal changes in the silicon cycle within a Gulf Stream warm-core ring. Deep-Sea Res. 36, 1009-1030. 

WCR — warm core ring CCR — cold core ring. HNL — high nutrient low chlorophyll station GYR -... 

Montoya, J. P., Wiebe, P. H., and McCarthy, J. J. (1992). Natural abundance of 15 N in particulate nitrogen and zooplankton in the Gulf Stream region and Warm-Core Ring 86A. Deep Sea Res. 39 (Suppl. 1), S363-S392. 

The second field test was conducted on the R.V. Knorr (KN-095) in conjunction with studies of a warm core ring that formed from the Gulf Stream. Three hydrographically distinct regimes can be identified from the temperature and salinity profiles (Figure 6) a surface layer some 40-50 m... 

Figure 6. Temperature and salinity profile at edge of warm core Ring 82-B (37° N, 73° W June 23, 1982).

Figure 7. Locations of Warm Core Rings 82-B and 82-H during 1982 (15). The dashed line indicates the path of motion of the center of 82-B over time (provided by Don Olsen, Univ. of Miami, Rosensteil School for Mar. and Atmos. Sciences). The solid line indicates the path followed by a satellite tracked drifter released in the center of 82-B in August. This drifter stayed with the ring until the ring was reabsorbed by the Gulf Stream. It was then swept into the Gulf Stream and was transported rapidly to the area of formation of Ring 82-H by late September 1982.

We will present flow-rate, particulate dry weight, and particulate-calcium data from selected MULVFS and LVFS stations to (1) further document the sampling performance of the MULVFS and (2) demonstrate one application of large-volume in situ filtration to understanding the processes governing the distributions of particulate matter in a productive environment. Detailed presentation and interpretation of warm core ring data are outside the scope of this chapter. 

An example of the usefulness of large-volume in situ filtration is illustrated by the particulate Ca data collected in the interdisciplinary Warm Core Rings program. Particulate Ca in the < 53-pm size fraction showed a factor-of-three drop in concentration in the thermostad of WCR 82-B be-... 

Sampling the Upper 100 m of a Warm Core Ring with a Towed Pumping System... 

These analyses, combined with data from in situ sensors, provide information on small-scale and mesoscale features not otherwise available. Signals in the sample stream are modified by passage through the hose. This modification and time delays introduced by analysis must be considered in sampling strategy and data management approaches. This system has been used to determine nutrients, in vivo fluorescence, and temperature in a warm core ring. Examples of the results are provided the fluorescence, temperature, and nitrate distributions show considerable independence. 

Figure 5a. Temperature data (°C) compiled from transects across warm core Ring 81-G. The upper scale represents kilometers from closest point of approach to ring center. The data were collected using an in situ temperature sensor, XBTs, and CTDs. Note the intrusion of cold water at depth in the ring boundary zone.

Figure 5b. Nitrate concentration (gM) data compiled from transects across warm core Ring 81 G. The data are from continuous analysis of pumped water with an autoanalyzer and from discrete measurements of bottle samples during CTD casts. Note the different shape of nitrate-rich intrusions.

Figure 5c. In vivo fluorescence of the pumped water stream as determined by laboratory fluorometer from transects across warm core Ring 81-G. Fluorescence per unit of chlorophyll a varied with depth and thus resulted in a weak correlation between chlorophijll a and fluorescence. Fluorescence is reported in relative units, where one unit is equivalent to fluorescence of 4 gg/m of chlorophyll a from spinach extract. The three mid-depth maxima appear unrelated to temperature or nutrient contours.

Airborne Mapping of Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Chlorophyll a and Phycoerythrin in a Gulf Stream Warm Core Ring... 

Figure 3. Map showing location of warm core Ring 82B on April 28, 1982 according to the National Weather Service.

Figure 8. Contour plot of the chlorophyll a fluorescence of warm core Ring 82B. The fluorescence levels are higher in the boundary region, particularly along the eastern wall of the ring.

Figure 9. Contour plot of the phycoerythrin fluorescence in warm core Ring 82B on April 20, 1982. The phycoerythrin fluorescence is more uniform along the circumference of the boundary than was the chlorophyll a fluorescence shown in Figure 8.

The results indicate that during mid-April the chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin photopigment concentration and variability in warm core Ring 82B were higher in the ring boundary region than in either the adjacent... 

We wish to extend our personal thanks to the many persons associated with the warm core ring experiments and with the AOL project. In particular, we are indebted to Jack L. Bufton and the Instrument Electro-Optics Branch for the loan of the frequency-doubled YAG laser. We also thank Wayne E. Esaias and the Oceanic Processes Branch of NASA Headquarters for their assistance and encouragement in various aspects connected with these experiments. 

Air-sea boundary conditions, 446 Airborne mapping warm core ring. Gulf Stream, 353-72 warm core Ring 82B, 364/... 

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