Dangerous materials, toxicology

X-ray fluorescence can be used to analyse all types of samples. Its applications are numerous, whether in research and development or in quality control of production. Initially, X-ray fluorescence was used in industries that treat metals of primary fusion or alloys and, more generally, in the mineral industry (for use one ceramics, cements, steel, glass, etc.). Because of the ease of use of common X-ray fluorescence instruments, its scope of application has expanded into other areas the photographic industry and semi-conductors (for impurity control in silicon chips), the petroleum industry, geology, paper mills, gas analyses (such as nitrogen), toxicology and environmental applications (dust, fumes from combustion, heavy metals, and dangerous materials in waste such as Pb, As, Cr, Cd, etc.). 

Laurencin, C.T. Pierre-Jacques, H.M. Danger, R. Toxicology and biocompatibility considerations in the evaluation of polymeric materials for biomedical applications. 1990, 10 (3), 549-570. 

Acetal is dangerous when exposed to heat or flame and it can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Its toxicity, toxicology and fire hazards are discussed in Ref 7... 

Sources of information pertaining to toxic substances indude local and national health organizations in many countries. Several treatises on the subject have been prepared, including the broad spectrum Sax s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 2000. This book contains 20.000 entries, each of which gives physical, chemical, and toxicological data about potentially hazardous materials. 

Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials Report, 1980-1996 (toxicological and ecotoxi-cological data on chemicals produced on a large scale). 

FAOAiPHO. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives with a review of general principles and of specifications. Seventeenth report of the joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1974 No. 539. Lewis RJ, ed. Sax s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 11th edn. New York Wiley, 2004 1660. 

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