Damage chemical state changes

The use of small mammals for studying the effects of oxygen on sepsis presents many difficulties, as demonstrated by the experiments of Brummel-kamp (B45). Small animals are quite prone to the pulmonary damaging effects of oxygen under pressure. Part of this susceptibility may be due to a change in the chemical state of the pulmonary parench3ona due to the... 

As shown in Chap. 7, shock compression introduces large numbers of defects which in turn cause substantial increases in solid state reactivity. Such shock activation is obviously critical to the process. One of the most direct effects of the mechanical deformation is the removal of oxides or other surface films from the surfaces of the powders. It is well recognized that such surface films can greatly inhibit chemical reaction. The very large mechanical deformation would be expected to substantially damage, if not completely remove, such films. Other manifestations of shock activation are shown in the next chapter. Effects have been shown that represent many orders of magnitude of change in solid state reactivity. 

Biomarkers of Disease. No biomarkers are known that are specific for BCME-induced lung injury. Standard chemical examination of nose and throat can provide an index of local irritation, and examination of sputum for abnormal cell types can provide information on the state of the respiratory epithelium. However, these tests cannot distinguish BCME-induced effects from effects caused by smoking or exposure to other chemicals, and can only discover changes after damage to the tissue has already occurred. Continued efforts to devise more sensitive and more specific early biomarkers of disease (especially lung cancer) would be valuable. 

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