Cyclic-AMP-response element

CREB stands for cyclic-AMP response element (CRE) binding protein and is a transcription factor. When phosphorylated by cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP-dependent Protein Kinases or other protein kinases it binds to gene promoters that contain a specific binding site. After binding, the respective transcription activity is modulated. 

Cyclic-AMP Response Element Binding Protein Cyclic GMP-dependent Protein Kinase Cyclic GMP-regulated Phosphodiesterases Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (Cyclic GMP cGMP)... 

Noradrenaline acts on three types of receptor. The ai receptors mediate the main excitatory effects of noradrenaline upon wake-active neurons in the dorsal raphe, basal forebrain, and elsewhere (Vandermaelen Aghajanian, 1983 Nicoll, 1988 Fort et al., 1995 Brown et al., 2002). The a2 receptors mediate inhibitory effects of noradrenaline, e.g. on noradrenaline neurons themselves and on cholinergic brainstem neurons (Williams et al., 1985 Williams Reiner, 1993). The (3-receptors modulate neurons in a more subtle fashion, increasing excitability via blockade of afterhyperpolarizations in hippocampal and cortical neurons (Haas Konnerth, 1983). Activation of (3-receptors also promotes synaptic plasticity via activation of the cyclic-AMP-dependent kinase (PKA) and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) signal transduction pathway (Stanton Sarvey, 1987 Cirelli et al., 1996). 

The H2 receptor is the second class of HA receptors. This is another G-protein-coupled receptor but, unlike the Hi receptor, the H2 receptor is coupled to adenylyl cyclase via the GTP-binding Gs protein (Hill et ah, 1997). Encoded by an intronless gene and located on human chromosome 5, the H2 receptor is made up of c. 358 amino acids (Gantz et ah, 1991 Traiffort et ah, 1995). Activation of the H2 receptor causes an accumulation of cAMP and activation of protein kinase A that eventually leads to the activation of cyclic-AMP-response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) (Hill et ah, 1997). In neurons, the H2 receptor mediates its excitatory effects by blocking the Ca2+-dependent K+ channel (Haas Konnerth, 1983). 

CREB cyclic AMP response element binding protein... 

Pandey, S.C. The gene transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein role in positive and negative affective states of alcohol addiction. Pharmacol. Ther. 104 47, 2004. 

Ozaki N. Lithium increases transcription factor binding to AP-1 and cyclic AMP-responsive element in cultured neurons and rat brain. J Neurochem 1997 69 2336-2344. 

Habener, J. Cyclic AMP response element binding proteins A cornucopia of transcription factors. Mol. Endocrinol. 4 1087-1094,1990. 

FIGURE 35-6 Examples of apoptotic and antiapoptotic mechanisms that act on or within different subcellular compartments. CBP, Ca2+ binding protein CREB, cyclic AMP response element binding protein HSP, heat shock protein IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ROS, reactive oxygen species. 

Freeland K, Boxer LM, Latchman DS (2001) The cyclic AMP response element in the Bcl-2 promoter confers inducibility by hypoxia in neuronal cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 92(l-2) 98-106... 

An example of specific transcriptional control is cyclic AMP-dependent regulation of genes that have a cyclic AMP response element (CRE) through the action of the transcription factor CREB (cyclic AMP response element binding protein. Figure 12-5). 

BNST, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis CREB, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein CRH, corticotrophin-releasing hormone CS, conditioned stimuH GABA, y-aminobutyric acid GCC, voltage-gated calcium channels NE, norepinephrine NMDA, iST-methyl-D-aspartate PAG, periaqueductal gray. 

Owens MJ, Vargas AM, Nemeroff CB The effects of alprazolam on corticotropin-releasing factor neurons in the rat brain implications for a role for CRF in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorder. J Psychiatr Res 27 (suppl 1) 209, 1993 Ozaki N, Chuang DM Lithium increases transcription factor binding to AP-1 and cyclic AMP-responsive element in cultured neurons and rat brain. J Neurochem 69 2336-2344, 1997... 

OgitaK. and Yoneda Y. (1994). Selective potentiation of DNA binding activities of both activator protein 1 and cyclic AMP response element binding protein through in vivo activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex in mouse brain. J. Neurochem. 63 525-534. 

Sun, Z., Sassone-Corsi, P. and Means, A. R., 1995, Calspermin gene transcription is regulated by two cyclic AMP response elements contained in an alternative promoter in the calmodulin kinase TV gene, Molecular and Cellular Biology, 15, pp 561—571. 

Abdel-Razaq, W., T.E. Bates, and D.A. Kendall. 2007. The effects of antidepressants on cyclic AMP-response element-driven gene transcription in a model cell system. Biochem. Pharmacol. 73, 1995-2003. Adelman, J.P. et al. 1992. Calcium-activated potassium channels expressed from cloned complementary DNAs. Neuron 9, 209-216. 

---