Cycle Phases and the System Safety Process

LIFE CYCLE PHASES AND THE SYSTEM SAFETY PROCESS 

Any proposed or existing project or product has what is called a life cycle. Within the project life cycle are sub-elements known as phases. Each distinct phase will, in turn, indicate certain tasks that are typically performed in the life of that project. These tasks are required to establish, implement, and maintain a successful system safety process. Generally, the tasks fall within three broad categories  

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Figure 3.4 Project life cycle phases and the system safety process.

The JSA, then, is a specialized approach of task analysis that takes an existing job and analyzes its tasks to specifically identify hazards encountered in the work environment. At the very least, the JSA does have a place within the system safety process as a tool to evaluate the hazards or risks of an existing task or function during the operation phase of the project life cycle. Here we see another connection between the principal elements of the industrial safety process and one of the basic objectives of the system safety effort, namely, that the JSA tries to eliminate or control the risk of hazard exposure in a given task during the life of the project. 

Normally, each of these life-cycle phases occurs sequentially, but occasionally, development tasks are performed concurrently, spirally, or incrementally to shorten and/or simplify the development process. Regardless of the development process used, sequential, concurrent, spiral, or incremental, the system life-cycle phases shown in Figure 2.85 basically remain the same. The life-cycle stages of a system are important divisions in the evolution of a product, and are therefore very relevant to the system safety process. System safety tasks are planned and referenced around these five phases. In order to proactively... 

In order to understand the processes that are modeled in safety rheology and mutation theory and system life cycle theory, the development phases and the rate changes will here be analyzed comparatively. 

A structured argument, supported by a body of evidence, that provides a competing, comprehensive and valid case that a system is or will be adequately safe for a given application in a given environment. The process accomplishes this by addressing each of the operational safety objectives negotiated for the system. It includes articulation of a roadmap for the achievement of safety objectives that are applicable to later phases of the system life cycle. RISC emphasizes that a determination of adequate safety is the result of a deliberative decision making process that necessarily entails an assessment of risks and tries to achieve a balance between the system s safety performance and its performance in other areas. 

System safety is a process for conducting the intentional and planned application of management and engineering principles, criteria, and techniques for the purpose of developing a safe system. System safety applies to all phases of the system life cycle. The basic system safety process involves the following elements ... 

This chapter briefly described the use and application of both the HAZOP study and what-if analysis, when each can and should be performed during the various phases of the product or project life cycle, and how each can be used to evaluate the viability of a new or (more commonly) an existing system. The occupational safety and health practitioner should seriously consider using these techniques to ensure a more comprehensive analysis and overall understanding of the inherent safety of any system or process. 

Systems Thinking. We have harmonized our quality management systems and sustainability reporting to improve our performance. We have a Product Comphance management process to ensure that the plants and products engineered and delivered are reliable and meet all applied safety standards during all phases of the product life cycle ... 

Functional Safety Assessments can utilize checklists to facilitate the assessment at the various lifecycle stages. This qualitative assessment is a continuous process carried out at each life-cycle phase, i.e., specification, design, manufacture, commissioning and operation of the system. The use of a checklist ensures that ... 

With the introduction of safety standards lEC 61508 and 61511 (for process industries), there is a defined need for proper implementation of safety systems embedded into the main system. The safety life cycle has various phases. Phases 1 and 2 have been discussed at length in previous chapters (Chapter VI and Chapter VII and to a certain extent in Chapter IX). In this part, detailed discussions have been presented to include Phases 3—7, that is, from safety-related systems (SRSs) to modifications. This has been done purposefully so that prior to looking at the detailed implementation part of the standard, readers need to have some knowledge of the safety instrumented system (SIS), safety integrity level (SIL), and their implementation in various instrumentation components. So, this part of the discussions in conjunction with previous chapters will complete the topic of lEC 61508/61511. Safety instrumentation cannot be complete without discussions on explosion protection. With reference to lEC 60079-(0,10,14,15,17, etc.) and NEC (497,499,70, etc.), electrical area, classification of plant, explosion protection, etc. also have been included as part of this chapter to make the system complete in all respects. In view of this, these are presented in two sections. Section 1 for lEC implementation and Section 2 for explosion protection. 

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