Current-Voltage Measurements

The open circuit voltage indicates the maximum possible voltage of the fuel cell for no currenf flow. For a given chemical reaction, the Gibbs free 

The linear nature of the j-E curve at low current density on a semi-log plot and the Tafel equation fitting. 

Fuel cell j-E curve, with activation loss line identifying ohmic loss and activation loss. 

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Information on the dielectric properties of a material might also be obtained using noncontact scanning techniques. These can include rf or microwave measurements made with an electrode that is held in the vicinity of the surface. This approach has the advantage that samples remain undamaged by the measurement and thus can be reevaluated or subjected to other studies as needed. However, this approach cannot provide accurate values for the capacitance, in very thin films such that d/e < 4 A. Moreover, the current-voltage measurements are still needed in order... 

Figure 3.16 shows the results of current-voltage measurements across the channel (40 pm) of a 40 nm thin evaporated Fi PcCu film on PI as a gate dielectric with an ITO layer beneath PI as gate electrode. 

Kelley, T.W. and Frisbie, C.D., Point contact current-voltage measurements on individual organic semiconductor grains by conducting probe atomic force microscopy,... 

Photoluminescence (PL) and EL spectroscopy can be used to determine the presence of traps. Other techniques include current voltage measurements, capacitance voltage measurements, capacitance transient spectroscopy, and admittance spectroscopy. Under favorite conditions, the identification of the nature of the trap is possible. 

DNA synthetic strands Silicon wafer nanogap Current-voltage measurement - 53... 

AA ere I, V, and s are applied current, voltage measured against applied current, and distance between the two probes, respectively. Here following the similar equation as above for resistance or resistivity the response (or percent of response) can be easily calculated. 

Because the trapped cell impedes the system s electrical path, only low voltage pulses are needed to induce large fields near the trapped cell and only the trapped cell is electroporated. With this chip, they were able to show the natural difference in electroporation behavior between human prostate adenocarcinoma and rat hepatocjrte cells by studying the process using current—voltage measurements (Huang and Rubinsky,... 

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