Current-injection voltage

FIGURE 6.15. The temperature dependence of current injection voltage. Shown are the I-V curves of the same device taken under different temperature. 

Fig. 1 The view of the polar display with monitors arcs and control panel for SFT6000N board parameters. Recorded signal is from the eddy current probe moved along in a brass tube of inner diameter 20 mm with 2 mm holes as artificial flaws. SFT6000N card operates with 40 kHz injection voltage firequency.

During the test the main busbars are fed at the rated current, for which the switchgear assembly is designed. They are heated naturally and therefore no resistance of the main bus need be measured. The busbars are shorted at one end and the current is fed from the other through a variable-current injection set at a reduced voltage of 3-10 V, or enough to achieve the rated current. The arrangement saves on power requirement and consum-... 

For installations with several storage tanks and a protection current of several tens of an mA, uniform protection current distribution should be the goal, so that the current injection occurs via a number of anodes distributed over the site or via a more distant anode bed. Dividing up the protection current over several anodes avoids large local anodic voltage cones and therefore effects on neighboring installations. 

Performance tests on current and voltage transformers to verify ratio and polarity. These may include the injection of current into the primary load circuit (primary injection). 

Figure 7.6 shows typcial current density-voltage-luminance (J-V-L) and emission characteristics of an OLED device. OLEDs have a similar electrical characteristic to that of a rectifying diode. In forward bias, the device starts with a small current at low voltages. In this region, charge carriers are injected into the device but little exciton formation, hence light... 

In order to allow the resistance measurement, the current injection is obtained in the circuit represented in fig. 3, by applying a voltage Vo- This current, due to the virtual ground condition determined by the circuit configuration (very high input impedance), will cross the feedback resistor Rf and determine an output voltage. In this example M and Yj (j=l,2,3) are the quantities ... 

Other more exotic mechanisms include chemical reactions in gases, high-voltage electron beam pumping of gases, and direct current injection across the junction of a semiconductor laser. 

The current generates a proportional voltage across the resistor connected from the source pin to the input return. A control signal is added to the current signal via a resistor connected from the source pin to the OOP pin, allowing a voltage or current injection into the OCP pin. The MOSFET will be turned off when the sum of the source current and the control signal reaches 0.73 V. 

Pt-wire detector (Fig. 34.8B) [19]. When an injection time is fixed, the peak current increases with the injection voltage. This could be due to the fact that a higher flow is obtained for higher voltages and a better-defined sample plug (with smaller dispersion) is obtained. When an injection voltage is fixed, the peak current also increases with the injection time. However, peaks are widened. Since an unpinched injection is performed, this peak current and width increase could be due to a small increase in the injected volume via dispersion at the intersection. 

Injection voltage is varied between +500 and + 2000 V and maintained for 5, 10, and 20 s. Separation is carried out by applying a voltage of +2000 V using a detection potential of +0.7 V and 50 mM Tris-based buffer pH 9.0. Choose optimal injection time/voltage taking into account of peak current (7P) and half-peak width (1U1/2). 

When an ion swarm is injected into the drift region of the drift tube, spatial resolution of ions of differing mobility can be separated as differences in drift velocity as the ions move toward the detector, here at virtual ground. Separate packets or swarms of ions develop with the separation as shown in Fig. 2, where three ion swarms have been resolved in time and space. As ions collide with the detector, commonly a simple metal disc or Faraday plate, neutralization of ions is accompanied by electron flow in the detector plate this is amplified and shown in the inset of Fig. 2. Thisplot of detector response(current or voltage) versus time (in ms) is called a mobility spectrum and is the... 

Figure 94 (a) The SCL transient currents for various normalized trapping times (R = Ttrap/t0) as calculated from theory (see Ref. 26) R = oo denotes the trap-free case is the steady-state current without trapping, (b) t trap-free SCL transient current injected from ITO under a positive step voltage applied to an IT0/PPV/TPD PC/A1 device jScl corresponds to in part (a). Bottom TOF photocurrent transient for holes generated by a light pulse at the A1/(TPD PC) interface (the negative polarity applied to ITO). (From Ref. 428). 

Fig. 1 Different primary and secondary textures used in this study, their pore network structures and electrical behaviour. Hg-injection curves give the ditribution of Hg-saturation versus pore-throat diameter. Z the complex electrical impedance vector 9 phase angle by which current and voltage are shifted M-W mudstone-wackestone textures P-G packstone-grainstone texture G grainstone C crystal carbonate.

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