CUMULATIVE iodination

Fall of container with spent nuclear fuel Assembly destruction with cumulative activity escape of gas products and iodine isotopes. 

An alternative, high-yield synthesis of PDM- starts from a nonstrained, readily accessible precursor, a//-undecachlorodiphenylmethane (Ballester et al., 1971d). Because of the cumulative inductive effect of its chlorines, the latter is converted into perchlorodiphenylmethyl anion (PDM ) with hydroxide ion in DMSO/ether solutions. PDM is oxidized with iodine to give a nearly quantitative yield of PDM- (126). 

Even greater than this event, in terms of radioactive iodine release, was the cumulative release (Windscale... 

Interestingly, rats fed on a combined iodine- and selenium-deficient diet did not show more pronounced growth inhibition or cumulative impairment of bone metabolism than selenium-deficient rats (Moreno-Reyes et ai, 2006). 

In the baseline study, the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in Zhangwu (MAI) and Huanghua (El) was 3.8 and 6.2 times, respectively, compared with the prevalence of AIT in Panshan (MDI). The prevalence of Hashimoto s thyroiditis in MAI and El was 2.8 and 4.1 times, respectively, compared with that of Hashimotos thyroiditis in MDI. The prevalence of atrophic thyroiditis in MAI and El was 7.7 and 14.4 times, respectively, compared with that in MDI (Table 125.2). The cumulative incidence of AIT in MAI and MDI was 4.4 and 5.5 times, respectively, compared with the cumulative incidence of AIT in MDI (Table 125.2). Both the cross-sectional and the prospective study confirmed that the prevalence and incidence of AIT increased as iodine intake rose. 

Among the subjects with positive TPO antibody and normal thyrotropin at baseline, the 5-year cumulative incidence of hypothyroidism was 6.5 and 9.8 times in MAI and El compared with that in MDI. Among the subjects with positive thyroglobufin antibody and normal thyrotropin at basehne, the five-year cumulative incidence of hypothyroidism was 4.3 and 10.3 times in MAI and El, compared with that in MDI (Figure 125.2). Reinhardt et al. (1998) reported that after supplementing iodine at 250 j,g/ day to patients with Hashimotos thyroiditis (MUI, from 70p,g/g of creatinine, rose to 268p,g/g of creatinine), 20% of the patients were found to have hypothyroidism after 4 months, but only 2% of the patients with Hashimotos... 

Figure 125.2 The cumulative incidence of supranormai thyrotropin levels among subjects with euthyroidism and high levels of TPO antibody or thyrogiobuiin antibody iodine intake was mildly deficient in Panshan, more than adequate in Zhangwu, and excessive in Huanghua. The cumulative incidence increased with increasing iodine intake.

No significant difference in the cumulative incidence of overt hyperthyroidism was observed between MDI, MAI and El areas. Iodine supplementation in a mildly deficient iodine population might not increase the incidence of overt hyperthyroidism. 

Female subjects had higher cumulative incidence than male subjects among the three cohorts. Hence, we can see that either deficient or El may cause an increase in the incidence of goiter, but for different types. In areas with deficient iodine intake, the cumulative incidence of both diffuse goiter and nodular goiter increased, but in areas with El, only the cumulative incidence of diffuse goiter increased. 

Urban controls (Taiyuan) tested at the higher end of the normal range. The intellectual deficits correlated with age showing the cumulative effects of isolation over long periods in both villages. Persons from the iodine... 

The rotational temperature of molecular iodine is 310 K. Evaluate at T = 298 K term by term, listing the cumulative value of for every term. At what number of terms does the change in q t become negligible Repeat the evaluation for T = 1000 K. 

Distribution of radioiodine in two goitrous subjects (FL and DD) from a severe iodine deficient area in Zaire. 3 I thyroid content, extrathyroidal 31i pool (PB 1311 x distribution volume of thyroxine) and urine (cumulative excretion) are expressed in % of 1311 administered. Adapted from Ermans et al. (2) with the permission of the publisher... 

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