Cumulation factor

The expected steady-state counterparts of these initial concentration values can be estimated by multiplying them by the cumulation factor (CF) ... 

The cumulation factor can be used to predict an expected steady-state peak level of ... 

Single-dose and steady-state multiple-dose plasma-level-vs.-time profiles of tolrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, were compared. The terminal exponential-phase half-life was 31.6 hours at the conclusion of multiple-dose therapy administered at a 12-hour dosing interval. However, there was little apparent increase in plasma concentrations with repetitive dosing, and the cumulation factor, based... 

All coefficients are additionally factored by 0.01 for ease of presentation. (The cumulative factor for each coefficient is identified in the tables.)... 

Catalyst Optically active starting material Cumulative -factor g waste/g catalyst Undesirable solvent(s) in synthesis Catalyst recyclability demonstrated ... 

In practice, the containment factor k consists of the k factors derived for various RPV penetrations, e.g., breather holes, CCR tubes, primary coolant tubes, etc. The value of kj varies through the corrosion process for example, most of the PWRs were dumped in a separated RC, which was sealed with steel end plates. When these corrode and allow ingress, a step Increase in the value of kg models the increase in size of the breach. The factor k was scaled to give a value of unity once both end plates have fully corroded. Where the corroding material is surrounded by more than one barrier, the k factors are multiplied together to give a cumulative factor. 

The no observable effect levels (NOELs) from these studies are used by the EPA reviewers as reference dose to calculate margins of exposure (MOE) based on aggregate exposure information. MOEs of greater than 100 are generally considered adequate for registration. These calculations have however never taken into consideration cumulative factors such as exposure to compounds of similar toxic mechanism and the lifestyle of the person exposed. The FQPA has mandated the EPA to look at cumulative exposure and the EPA is currently dealing with how to accomplish this. 

The subscript i refers to the initial pressure, and the subscript ab refers to the abandonment pressure the pressure at which the reservoir can no longer produce gas to the surface. If the abandonment conditions can be predicted, then an estimate of the recovery factor can be made from the plot. Gp is the cumulative gas produced, and G is the gas initially In place (GIIP). This is an example of the use of PVT properties and reservoir pressure data being used in a material balance calculation as a predictive tool. 

Health and Safety Factors. VDE is a flammable gas its combustion products are toxic. Liquid VDE on contact with the skin can cause frostbite. Acute inhalation toxicity of VDE is low median lethal concentrations (LC q) for rats were 128,000 ppm after a single 4-h exposure (52) and 800,000 ppm after a 30-min exposure (53). Cumulative toxicity is low exposure of rats and mice at levels of up to 50,000 ppm for 90 days did not cause any... 

Health and Safety Factors. MEK is slightly more toxic than acetone, but is not considered highly toxic, and nor does it exhibit cumulative toxicological properties. The OSHA time weighted average iu air is 200 ppm other measured toxicity values are shown iu Table 3. Methyl ethyl ketone is highly flammable. 

Health and Safety Factors. Like other low molecular weight ketones, MIBK is an anesthetic chemical with no highly cumulative toxicological effects. Inhalation of vapors can irritate mucous membranes. 

It is not normally possible to make a comprehensive assessment of profitabihty with a single number. The shape of the cumulative-cashflow and cumulative-discounted-cash-flow curves both before and after the breakeven point is an impoiTant factor. 

The net annual cash flows Acp and cumulative discounted annual cash flow X Aocf discount factor of 10 percent are hsted in Table 9-7 for the two projec ts. At the end of Year 9, the net present values are... 

The discounted-cash-flow rate of return (DCFRR) and net present value (NPV) are functions of the cumulative revenue from annual sales X AfE and the fixed-capital cost of the plant Cfc, among other factors. 

Monte Carlo Method The Monte Carlo method makes use of random numbers. A digital computer can be used to generate pseudorandom numbers in the range from 0 to 1. To describe the use of random numbers, let us consider the frequency distribution cui ve of a particular factor, e.g., sales volume. Each value of the sales volume has a certain probabihty of occurrence. The cumulative probabihty of that value (or less) being realized is a number in the range from 0 to 1. Thus, a random number in the same range can be used to select a random value of the sales volume. 

In the same way, random values of the other factors can be obtained. These can then be combined to give random values of (DCFRR) and (NPV) and, in turn, used to plot cumulative-probabihty cui-ves for (DCFRR) and (NPV). The computer may be required to perform some 10,000 to 50,000 calculations. 

The cross-sections of the conductor and the enclosure arc then checked for their adequacy to dissipate the heat generated. The cross-section is then adjusted suitably by permuialions and combinations to arrive at the most appropriate size, keeping in mind the available extruded sections, accounting for all such factors that may affect the rating or the fatilt level of the enclosure and the conductor, such as tap-offs, which are subjected to a cumulative faull level, openings in the conductor for heat dissipation or the enclosure for inspection windows that can infhience their ratings. A calculation in Example 31.1 will clarify the procedure to establish the size of the... 

First, the project s anticipated benefit and cost are tabulated for each year of the project s lifetime. Then, these values are converted to present values by using the present-value equation, with the company s discount rate plugged in as the discount factor. Finally, the cumulative total of the benefits (at present value) and the cumulative total of the costs (at present... 

Little is known about the cumulative effects of factors such as prolonged working hours and extra mural demands on workers and how such demands interact with workers performance reserves and productivity. 

Q), the cumulative capacity gives the number of primary cells replaced during the life-time of the rechargeable cell. A replacement factor of 20 to 25 is chosen in advertisements as representing a general consumer usage with deep cycling (80 percent DOD). 

Cardiotoxicity may develop at lower than expected cumulative doses of anthracyclines in patients with risk factors like hypertension, preexisting arrhythmias or valvular disease, advanced age, prior irradiation of the mediastinum. 

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