Culture describing

DC165 Misawa, M. Production of natural substances by plant cell cultures described DC 177 in Japanese patents. Plant Tissue Culture its Bio technol Appl Int Congr 1st 1977 17-26. 

A second type of culture described by Monod kinetics is the continuous culture, in which a chemical is constantly fed into a vessel and both microbial cells and the chemical are constantly lost from the vessel at a given rate. This culture is often called a chemostat when operated under steady-state conditions. Like the batch culture, a continuous culture may be a useful model of certain environmental systems, such as lakes receiving continuous discharges of pollutants. Continuous cultures are common in industrial processes as... 

To serially propagate the virus, add 10 mL of a 1-wk-old infected cell culture to the 2 mL of a newly split uninfected culture described in step 3, and then bring up the volume to 40 mL with cell media. 

Societal culture describes those attributes of culture pervading a population or community inhabiting a given geographical area. Individuals from the same societal culture share common values. A multinational corporation has to deal with many societal cultures, even, sometimes, within a single nation. Differences in societal culture will result in different responses to key issues. Table 50.1 indicates a... 

Sites of Reaction. Reduction of conjugated double bonds was first observed by Mamoli and Schramm (M-548) with a crude culture of putrefactive bacteria. The pure culture, described as Bacillus putrificus, reduced 3-keto-A -androstenes to 3-keto-5 -androstanes and Sa-hydroxy-S S-androstanes (M-545). This culture is no longer available (E-202), but a modern equivalent is Clostridium paraputrificum, described by Schubert (Ap-71, S-823). The properties of the latter are described in greater detail in the section on reduction of carbonyl groups. 

The tri-partition can be projected onto the various steps of the development process of culture described above, where processes match with the first two steps of sensemaking and agreement, stmcture with the step of formalisation and institutionalising and culture with the remaining steps of collective agreement and internalising. 

Most cultures described are batch systems with regular water exchange, although there are promising developments with continuous or automated systems. A comprehensive list of mass culture systems is provided by... 

The formation of a pseudomycelium is occasionally of diagnostic value, although several species of wine yeast including Saccharomyces are capable of this type of growth. Formation may be demonstrated by the use of slide cultures described in Section 12.6. 

Nearly all cultures described so far grow best with sucrose as carbon source, but there are exceptions. Yamamoto (1981) for instance observed that his culture of Coptis japonica showed the highest growth and production rate on maltose. The optimal concentration of sucrose may differ from culture to culture 8% sucrose was best for Eschscholtzia califomica (Berlin et al. 1983), 3% for Coptis japonica (Sato and Yamada 1984), 4% for Tinospora caffra (Menispermaceae) (Rueffer unpublished), and 3.5% for Berberis stolonifera (Hinz and Zenk 1981). 

The Citrohacter strains are widely distributed in nature and are normally found in soil, water and, to a varying degree, in the intestinal tract of man and animals. The first cultures of B, freundii were isolated from canal water in Holland (Braak, 1928). The majority of the cultures described later came from faeces and pathological materials of man and animals, or from various foodstuffs, etc. Today many Citrohacter strains are found in river water and sewage (see Table 4). 

Fig. 8. Effect of glycerol deprivation on the induction of phosphotransferase activity and the synthesis of membrane protein. Aliquots of the culture described in Fig. 7 were collected at various times and assayed for /9-galactosidase membranes were isolated and assayed for protein and for phosphotransferase. Cells were induced in the presence (O) and absence ( ) of glycerol. ...

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