Cell culture technology control

Fussenegger M, Bailey JE (1999), Control of mammalian cell proliferation as an important strategy in cell culture technology, In Al-Rubeai M, Dordrecht AH (Eds), Cancer Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Kluwer, Dordrecht. 

Cell culture technology for the production of viral products is focused on establishing protocols for recombinant products of low risk to prevent viral diseases. In many countries, viruses are increasingly important as biological agents for the control of agricultural pests (see Chapter 19). 

Jones, A. J. S., and Garnick, R. L. (1990). Quality control of rDNA-derived human tissue-type plasminogen activator. In Large Scale Mammalian Cell Culture Technology (A. S. Lubiniecki, ed.), pp. 543-566. Dekker, New York. 

In spite of these hurdles, the last two decades have seen an immense leap in animal cell culture technology both at the laboratory scale as well as the industrial scale. A variety of bioreactors and instrumentation have been ingeniously been devised for the scale up and process control of animal cell cultures. Serum-free media development has considerably reduced the downstream processing costs in the recombinant protein production and purification process. The capability to induce some cell lines to lose anchorage dependence has also been an important breakthrough. 

Vogel JH, Anspach FB, Kroner KH, Piret JMM, Haynes CA (2002), Controlled shear affinity filtration (CSAF) a new technology for integration of cell separation and protein isolation from mammalian cell cultures, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 78 806-814. 

Some plant cells can be encouraged to grow in vitro under specific controlled conditions, which can be used to produce secondary plant metabolites at higher yields than those found in plants, but at a high cost. There are few examples where the technological difficulties and costs involved have led to commercialisation currently, but the valuable pharmaceutical alkaloid berberine, the quinnone shikonin and the terpenoid paclitaxel are all potential candidates for production by cell culture. 

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