CTRL-ENTER

With the correct source cells in the input line and pushing the OK button while holding the SHIFT+CTRL keys, the equivalent result as in Figure 2-3 is obtained. Importantly, once an array of cells has been declared a matrix by applying the SHIFT+CTRL+ENTER or the SHIFT+CTRL+OK combination, it is no longer possible to alter or delete its individual cells. Always, the whole array has to be pre-selected and thus only the complete array can be modified. 

It is worthwhile mentioning that matrix addition can alternatively be performed by pre-selection of all cells of the prospective Y, assigning the array addition according to A3 C4+B3 C4 and applying the SHIFT+CTRL+ENTER key combination. Usually, this has no particular advantage. 

In Excel, the cells comprising the prospective result Y have to be pre-selected as we have already seen for matrix transposition. For this, we need to predict the dimensions of Y from the row dimension of C and column dimension of A. Also, there is no direct operator for matrix multiplication in Excel. The function MMUUI in conjunction with the SHIFT+CTRL+ENTER key... 

In Excel, matrix inversion can be performed similarly to matrix transposition (see earlier). Figure 2-13 gives an example. Cells D3 E4, defining the target matrix, have to be pre-selected and now the MINVERSE function is applied to the source cells A3 B4. Finally, the SHIFT+CTRL+ENTER key combination is used to confirm the matrix operation. 

CTRL-ENTER. Just pressing the ENTER key will select the OK button and return you to the symbol. Enter the new information and click the OK button ... 

The text in the above dialog box was created by typing My Dept CTRL-ENTER My Street CTRL-ENTER My Town, State, Zip. 

Note that the cell ranges for x and f appear within the parentheses. To view the entire column of results, it is necessary to strike Shif t/Ctrl/Enter. The results appear in the spreadsheet shown below. 

After selecting the range for x and f, hit Shift/Ctrl/Enter to display the resnlts as follows ... 

The SHIFT+CTRL keys must be held while pressing the ENTER key to confirm the operation. 

Press Ctrl-Shift-Enter. (If only one cell appears, then only Enter has been pressed, or the block was not selected). 

For PC, press CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER For Mac, press COMMAND+RETURN m... 

Using LINEST in OpenOffice is nearly identical to Excel. Columns are filled with data, and the arguments are entered into the LINEST function (Figure B.4). One key difference is that the arguments are separated by a semicolon instead of a comma. Another key difference is that when the function is entered, using Ctrl+Shift+Enter automatically causes LINEST to generate its full output in multiple cells. Additional cells need not be selected as with Excel. The output of LINEST in OpenOffice is identical to that in Excel, and the positions of the data is identical as well. 

Press CTRL + SHIFT + ENTER. The values of the slope (coefficients) and the intercept have been entered into the highlighted cell range. 

Leave these cells selected then type =mmult(minverse(D2 J8),C2 C8) then simultaneously press Ctrl Shift Enter. 

The matrix is solved as described in Appendix H. The procedure is select cell B35, shift-arrow down to cell B41, type mmult(minverse(D22 J28),C22 C28) then simultaneously press Ctrl Shift Enter. This is the only time the matrix must be solved. 

In eukaryotes, extracellular copper can enter the cell via a cell surface high affinity transporter for the metal. The first of this type of copper transporter, known as CTRl, was originally discovered in baker s yeast by Andrew Dancis. Homologues exist in humans and other eukaryotes as well. A mouse containing a homozygous deletion in CTR has been created in the laboratory of Deimis Theile and this mouse exhibited profound developmental defects and embryonic lethality. Hence this single pathway of high affinity copper uptake is essential for mammalian development and viability. 

The mechanism of action of cisplatin is relatively well understood. The dmg enters cells by passive diffusion, but also by an active transport mechanism. Ctrl, the major copper influx transporter, described in Chapter 8, has... 

Then in cell A6 type = MINVERSE(A1 C3). You can also insert the Al C3 by selecting the cells. Click on cell A6, press the shift key, and select the other comer of the matrix, C8. Press F2, the Ctrl-Shift-Enter. The inverse appears in A6 C8. The matrix multiplication is illustrated in Figure A. 11 by multiplying these two matrices together the result should be the identity matrix. Click on cell All, type =MMULT(A1 C3,A6 C8). Click on cell All, press the shift key, and select the other corner of the matrix, C13. Press F2, the Ctrl-Shift-Enter. The matrix multiplication appears in Al 1 C13. Indeed it is the identity matrix. 

In the formula window of the formula bar, type the instruction = LINEST (B9 B58,A9 A58,TRUE,TRUE). However, instead of depositing it with an Enter command, use Ctrl + Shift + Enter, i.e., hold down Ctrl and Shift while you press the Enter key. This is necessary to insert the instruction in the 5X2 block. 

If you only want the values of and just highlight two adjacent cells in the same row, while still using Ctrl + Shift + Enter. If you specify a block two wide but fewer than five rows high, the values of a0 and , will be repeated in all rows. On the other hand, if you assign too large a block, the results will be fine, but the unused spaces will be filled with the error message N/A. 

Vt Vs. To make the latter, either (1) enter a second column for/E to the right of that for VtIVs, and use these to make a new chart, or (2) click on the first graph, copy and paste it with Ctrl + c, Ctrl + v. In the copy, highlight the curve, then exchange the letters identifying the two columns in the formula box, and enter. Clean up by adjusting the axis scales and labels. 

Highlight A13 D 16, then type = MINVERSE(A6 D9), and press Ctrl + Shift + Enter (i.e., hold down the Control and Shift keys while depressing the Enter key), in order to inform the spreadsheet that you intend this formula for the entire block. You will see the inverse matrix appear in that block. 

Now highlight F13 F16, type = MMULT(A13 D 16,F6 F9), and again depress Ctrl + Shift + Enter to enter this instruction in the highlighted bio ck. That s it F13 F16 now contains the four sought concentrations. 

Determining the inverse of a matrix by hand is a fairly complicated matter. Fortunately, Excel has a built-in function, MINVERSE, that will perform the inversion. It also has a matrix multiplication function, MMULT, that will calculate the product of two matrices. In order to let the spreadsheet know that your instructions concern an entire block or array rather than an individual cell, these two functions require that you first highlight the entire block to which the instruction applies, and then enter the instruction while simultaneously depressing Ctrl, Shift, and Enter. 

Go to thelefttop corner ofwhere you want the product to appear, sayA6. Highlightthe required area, say A6 D9. Type = MMULT(A1 D4,F1 I4), and hold down Ctrl + Shift while depressing Enter. 

The determinant. This is an easy one, because the determinant of a matrix is a scalar (a single number) so you need not use the Ctrl + Shift + Enter trick. Just go to any empty cell, deposit the instruction = MDETERM(A1 D4) and (yes) press Enter. The answer, -196, will appear. 

In summary, then, only for matrix inversion and multiplication do you need to highlight the entire block where the result should appear, and then enter the instruction while holding down Ctrl + Shift. 

You need to hold down Control-Shift while pressing Enter. If you accidentally press Enter and the output array is no longer selected, simply reselect the array and place the cursor in the command line again and hit Ctrl-Shift-Enter. Also make sure you have highlighted a block of cells 5 rows x 2 columns, and that the last (fourth) parameter is set to 1. (Section 5.4)... 

Note that an alternative to inputting the =LINEST function in the command line is to select your 2x5 array of cells for the output, then to use the function option (from the Insert menu, or toolbar icon fx) and select LI NEST. A dialogue box similar to that shown in spreadsheet 5.5 appears and you can enter the ranges for y and x and the constant and stats in the appropriate spaces. You still need to press Ctrl-Shift-Enter to see all the output in the 5x2 array. 

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