True secondaries

A hexagonal representation of proper and improper primary ferroics as proposed by Newnham Cross (1981) is given in Fig. 6.54. The order parameter for proper ferroics appears on the diagonals of the hexagon, while the sides of the hexagon represent improper ferroics. They indicate the cross-coupled origin of ferroic phenomena. An improper primary ferroic in this classification is distinguished from a true secondary... 

Secondary nucleation results from the presence of solute particles in solution. Recent reviews [16,17] have classified secondary nucleation into three categories apparent, true, euid contact. Apparent secondary nucleation refers to the small fragments washed from the surface of seeds when they are introduced into the crystallizer. True secondary nucleation occurs due simply to the presence of solute particles in solution. Contact secondary nucleation occurs when a growing particle contacts the walls of the container, the stirrer, the pump impeller, or other particles, producing new nuclei. A review of contact nucleation, frequently the most significant nucleation mechanism, is presented by Garside and Davey [18], who give empirical evidence that the rate of contact nucleation depends on stirrer rotation rate (RPM), particle mass density, Mj>, and saturation ratio. 

The magnetic field at the sample traps the true secondary electrons and guides them to this detector. 

The standard measure for accuracy is Q3 defined as the number of residues correctly predicted divided by the number of residues. Q3 can also be computed for the residues of individual proteins Q3P or of individual secondary structures QH, QE, and QC. Other methods use certain types of correlation coefficients or take the type and position of secondary structure elements into account (proposed by Rost [168] and further developed for the CASP experiments [169]). One example is the SOV (segment overlap) score, i.e. the average over all secondary structure segments of the ratio of the overlap of predicted and true secondary segment and the overall length of the two segments. 

As examples of other naphthalenoid ansamycin antibiotics, rubradirin (70) and protorubradirin (71) were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces achromogenes var. rubradiris [109-114,117]. As indicated previously, protorubradirin (71) is the C-nitroso-analogue of 70, and it seems that 71 is the true secondary metabolite produced by S. achromogenes var. rubradiris. Thus, rubradirin (70), reported earlier, is the photo-oxidation product of protorubradirin (71). The ansa moiety of these compounds possesses a C9 chain, instead of a C or a C23 chain. 

When a flux of electrons is incident upon a surface of a solid, secondary electrons are produced and emitted in a vacuum. These secondary electrons can be grouped into several types according to their origin true secondary electrons with a kinetic energy of about 10 eV... 

Aluminium-air batteries are lightweight and produce a higher voltage than a lead-acid battery. They are expensive and are not true secondary cells because the aluminium anode has to be replaced from time to time. 

The spectrometer sample configuration should be of such a geometry that a planar electric field is built in front of the sample, if one supplies the sample with a bias voltage of, e.g., -2 Volt. This voltage accelerates all photoelectrons by 2 eV and ensures that the full spectrum, including the electrons of the true secondary-electron threshold, enters the spectrometer. 

The true secondary hyperparathyroidism of chronic renal failure (CRF) has been extremely difficult to treat by clinicians because of high Pi and PTH concentrations in this condition. Traditional treatment includes the use of binders (chemical) to prevent Pi absorption from the small intestine. In recent years, a calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) in the parathyroid... 

---