CSPRS

As discussed in more detail in Section 2.02.4.2.2.(iii), almost all the metallocenes of calcium, strontium, or barium are bent, even when unsolvated. The only exception to this so far is the sterically crowded (CsPr Ba 152 (Figure 79),348 whose X-ray crystal structure reveals a linear geometry with Ba-C = 2.997(4)A. All three... 

Derivatization of some mono(cyclopentadienyl) complexes to yield new monosubstituted species can often be accomplished by metathetical exchange (Equation (26)) or protonation reaction.295 Protonolysis of (CsPr 4H)Ca[N(SiMe3)2](THF) with several terminal alkynes HC CR in either toluene or hexanes produces the... 

The monocyclopentadienyl halide (CsPr FOCaRTHFld 2> can be derivatized in a metathetical reaction with K[BHT] (HBHT = HOC6H2-But2-2,6-Me-4) to yield the aryloxide derivative (CsPri4H)Ca(BHT)(THF) in high yield.295 The aryloxide can also be prepared by the reaction of (C5Pr 4H)Ca[N(SiMe3)2](THF) with HBHT in... 

H20 (40) and CsPr(C03)2 (41). The powder X-ray diffraction technique was used to study most solid carbonates of lanthanides. Lanthanide/actinide complexes, M(C03)2 2re (n = 1 -3) have been... 

EN 4126 Part 5 = Controlled Safety Pressure Relief Systems (CSPRS)... 

Power actuated/assisted safety valves (CSPRS - controlled safety pressure relief system) A spring-operated safety valve actuated or assisted by an externally powered control device which can be hydraulic, pneumatic or electric (Figure 3.15). 

All European valves professionals and organizations are recommended to use tables 6-9 (in Annex II of the Directive), which relate to pressure and size DN (maximum Category III). Safety accessories, however (such as SRVs, CSPRS, bursting disc safety devices, pressure/temperature switches, SRMCR devices, etc.), are classified in Category IV. 

For the past 40 years, CSPRS have been successfully used in Germany as safety devices for protection against excessive pressure, especially in power plants, both conventional and nuclear. 

A CSPRS is, in fact, a spring-operated SRV which can operate as stand alone but in normal operations is controlled by an actuator (usually pneumatic or hydraulic) and which opens upon the signal of an instrumentation loop. Due to the additional force on the spring, more accurate set pressure can be... 

The controlled safety pressure relief system (CSPRS) (Figure 5.31) is a special type of actuated SRV that has mainly been used in Europe and in power applications, primarily in the German power industry, for the last 40 years. So far, it has not been used extensively in other parts of the world, but it has become more important since it has its own EN/ISO 4126 Part 5 code in the new European regulation. 

Hence the relaxation frequency of the bulk semicircle (Rm Cspr ) equals cbuik/fibuik and is again geometry-independent. However, stray capacitances can impede the quantitative determination of local permeabilities, and therefore also of bulk relaxation frequencies (Sec. 5). 

To help answer this question it is worthwhile considering the following the dissociation enthalpies of bonds such as Csp.,—C, Csp-—O, Csp.—Cl, and Cspr— Br also depend heavily on n and increase in the same order, n 3, 2, and 1. The extent of the /(-dependence of the dissocation energies depends on the element which is cleaved off. This is only possible if the -dependence reflects, at least in part, an //-dependence of the respective Cv, -element bond. (Bond enthalpy tables in all textbooks ignore this and assign a bond enthalpy to each Ovp -element bond that is dependent on the element but not on the value of n ) Hence, the bond enthalpy of every. .-element bond increases in the order n = 3,2, and 1. This is so because all Cjp..-element bonds become shorter in the same order. This in turn is due to the s character of the CJ )—element bond, which increases in the same direction. 

Xu et al. have further expanded the scope of Pd-catalyzed CsfP—P bond formation reactions to include a variety of different organophosphorous coupling partners [83]. For example, the coupling of 2-bromothiophene with n-butyl phenyl phosphite was effected to form //-butyl diarylphosphinate 82. This chemistry also allows for the synthesis of alkyl arylphenylphosphine oxides, functionalized alkyl arylphenylphosphinates, alkenyl arylphenylphosphinates, alkenylbenzyl-phosphine oxides, as well as chiral, nonracemic isopropyl arylmethylphosphinates [84]. Intramolecular Pd-catalyzed CspR— P bond formation has also been reported [84]. 

The first feature investigated was the impact of cell perfusion rate (CSPR) on cell culture performance using a spinfilter as the cell retention device. Fig. 3.17 shows the viable cell concentration of a PER.C6 cell line expressing antibody A operated under the same conditions with two different CSPR implemented at the 7-L scale. 

It was observed that a doubling of the CSPR resulted in a 65% increase in the upper cell density. The fact that such an increase was achieved suggested that significant improvements in cell density (and related productivity) could be obtained by modification of the CSPR. By day 18, both of these cultures were prematurely ended due to clogging of the spinfilter. Upon inspection of the spinfilter material, a cake of cells was observed to have gathered, which suggested that the high cell densities achieved with this culture are not compatible with a standard spinfilter operation as a cellular retention device. 

CSPR 2Xnl/cell/day - -CSPR 1Xnl/cell/day... 

Fig. 3.17 Cell concentration (xlO cells mL ) versus culture time (days) for PER.C6 cell line expressing antibody A operated at two different cell perfusion rates (CSPR).

Cell (specific) perfusion rate (CSPR) 794 Cell proliferation 821 Cell retention device 1087 Cell Bag... 

CSM Chlorosulfonated poly(ethylene) (ASTM) see also CSPR, CSR... 

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