Crystallization phase transitions during

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermal method commonly used to determine the hquid crystal phase transition during heating and cooling of a sample at controlled rate [5]. The DSC method measures the flux between the sample and a reference (an inert material - aluminum oxide, gold, etc.) subjected to the same (isothermal and dynamic) temperature program. There are two types of differential scanning calorimetry ... 

L. M. Martyushev, V. D. Seleznev, S. A. Skopinov. Reentrant kinetic phase transitions during dendritic growth of crystals in a two-dimensional medium with phase stratification. Tech Phys Lett 25 495, 1997. 

Many foods contain fat or aqueous phases which can undergo some form of phase transition during manufacture, storage or consumption, e.g. melting or crystallization. The ultrasonic... 

Figure 3.4.10 Crystal structure change on C02 gas adsorption by [Rh (I l)2(bza)4(pyz)]. The slippage of the 1 D chains and the tilting of the benzene rings were observed during ct—(3 host crystal phase transition.

Figure 3.4.22 EtOH vapor adsorption istotherm curves at 5, 10, 15, 20 °C for [Cu2(bza)4(pyz)](a), Clausius-Clapeyron plot from ad- and desorption jumps (b), temperature difference between the curves at 10 and 20 °C (c), and the deduced mass-induced phase transition profile during a- 3 host crystal phase transition induced by the gas adsorption (d).

Since structural phase transitions during the preparation of the polycrystalline pressed samples of organic materials seem to play an important role, some additional investigations were done. Fig. 13 shows resistivity versus temperature data of a polycrystalline pressed sample of a-(BEDT-TfF)2l3, together with the resistivity characteristics of a single crystal of a-(BEDT-TTF)2l3. The polycrystalline pressed sample of a-(BEDT-TTF)2l3 still shows, in the temperature range between 300 K and 180 K, a metallic behaviour, but the sharp... 

One important factor when drying yeast cells is intracellular trehalose. The intracellular trehalose content is considered a critical determinant of stress tolerance in yeast (Nishida et al., 2004). Trehalose is a nonreducing a-linked disaccharide commonly found in any hydrobiotic organisms. When phospholipid membranes are dried, the temperature at which the gel to hquid crystal phase transition occurs increases (Crowe et al., 1984). It has been shown that trehalose interacts with model membranes during drying and lowers the dry membrane phase transition temperature (Crowe et al., 1986). 

Carlo method for the determination of thermodynamic quantities in continuous space at small finite temperature. In Figure 12.10d and 12.10e, the order parameters ps and 5(K)/A are shown at a small temperature T = 0.014D/a for different interaction strengths Vd and particle numbers N = 36,90. We find that Ps exhibits a sudden drop to zero for Vd 15, while at the same position 5(K) strongly increases. In addition, during the Monte Carlo simulations we observed that in a few instances ps suddenly increased from 0 to 1, and then returned to 0, in the interval Vd 15-20, which suggests a competition between the superfluid and crystalline phases. These results indicate a superfluid to crystal phase transition at... 

Nieuwendaal et al. have detected a phase transition during the progress of the solid-state [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction of a-trans-chmaxnic acid. The reaction was monitored using CPMAS experiments as a function of irradiation time. Two different crystal polymorphs of a-truxillic acid were observed. 

DDAB films are in a lamellar liquid crystal phase at 25 C. The fluidity of this phase facilitates movement of the protein during voltammetry. In thick films, normal pulse voltammetry (NPV) limiting currents, a direct measure of [11,17] gave small NPV limiting currents for Mb-DD AB films at temperatures below the gel-to-Iiquid crystal phase transition temperature (T. ), where they are... 

The spectral change due to the UV light irradiation is ascribable to the isothermal phase transition triggered by the photochemical isomerization reaction. The trany-isomer in the metastable solid phase with the head-to-tail chromo-phore orientation is converted to the cfT-isomer by the UV light irradiation. The backward reaction from cis to trans can also partly proceed during the UV light irradiation. When the cast film is irradiated below the solid-to-liquid crystal phase transition temperature, the trans-isomer is regenerated by the backward reaction... 

In the LCE/liquid crystal solvent system, two independent liquid crystal phase transition temperatures, one for the pure surrounding solvent (Tni ) and one for the gel (Tni ), are present. In our experiments was always higher than Eni -During slow cooling, while maintaining the balance of swelling at each temperature from the isotropic phase T > a sudden and large volume phase transition was... 

The above-described results were for polydomain liquid crystalline gels having no macroscopic orientation, and thus the volume change during the liquid crystal phase transition does not cause an anisotropic shape change. 

Archer P, Dierking I (2009) Electro-optic properties of polymer-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals before, during and after photo-polymerization. J Opt A Pure Appl Opt 11(2) 024022 Archer P, Dierking I, Osipov MA (2008) Landau model for polymer-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals experiment and theory. Phys Rev E 78(5) 051703 Bahr CH, Heppke G (1990) Influence of electric field on a first-order smectic-A-foroelectric-smectic-C liquid-crystal phase transition a field-induced critical point. Phys Rev A 41 (8) 4335 342... 

Dynamic phase transitions at the ice surfaces and interfaces occur in association with and in connection with the structures of ice surfaces and interfaces rather than the bulk properties of ice and especially with the dynamic behavior of phase transitions during growing and melting of ice crystals. Consequently, research on ice... 

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