Dynamical phase transition

H. Takayasu, N. Inui, A. Y. Tretyakov. Extinction, survival, and dynamic phase transition of branching annihilating random walk. Phys Rev Lett 65 3060-3063, 1992. 

Another area of laser use applied to expl materials involves its employment to excite Raman spectra for studies of crystal structure, lattice dynamics, phase transitions and vibrational mode frequencies. Compds studied include T1N3 (Refs 10, 17 23), NaN3 (Ref 18), KN3 and RbN3 (Ref 4), NH4N3 (Ref 7), BaN3 (Refs 5, 8 24), LA (Ref 9), HMX (Ref 25), RDX (Ref 11) and Amm perchlorate (Ref 26)... 

Exact solution of one-dimensional reversible coagulation reaction A+A A was presented in [108, 109] (see also Section 6.5). In these studies a dynamical phase transition of the second order was discovered, using both continuum and discrete formalisms. This shows that the relaxation time of particle concentrations on the equilibrium level depends on the initial concentration, if the system starts from the concentration smaller than some critical value, and is independent of the tia(0) otherwise. 

More generally, the dynamic behavior of domain walls in random media under the influence of a periodic external field gives rise to hysteresis cycles of different shape depending on various external parameters. According to a recent theory of Nattermann et al. [54] on disordered ferroic (ferromagnetic or fe) materials, the polarization, P, is expected to display a number of different features as a function of T, frequency, / = iv/2tt, and probing ac field amplitude, E0. They are described by a series of dynamical phase transitions, whose order parameter Q = uj/2h) Pdt reflects the shape of the P vs. E loop. When increasing the ac... 

These simulations demand better and more accurate water potentials to simulate complex phenomena, such as the vibrational dynamics, phase transitions and transport properties. The potential fimctions used in these calculations have gradually evolved, developing from very simple Lennard-Jones type with 3-point charges (e.g. BF [34]), 4-point charges (e.g. ST2 [5]), polarisable potentials (e.g. SK [35] DC [36] and NCC [37]) to the very complicated anisotropic multiple polarisable potential (ASP [38]). The process was also associated with a gradual increase in the anisotropy of these potentials. 

It is important to mimic not only the static structures but also their dynamic properties. Conformational transitions, changes of folds, denaturation, and renaturation of biopolymers can be understood better if lattice dynamics, phase transitions, amor-phization of crystalline amino acids and small peptides are studied and compared with those in synthetic polyaminoacids and in two-dimensional layers at the interfaces. Variable-temperature [44, 64-84] and variable-pressure [29, 81, 82, 85-134] IR- and Raman spectroscopy, inelastic neutron scattering, SAXS, NMR, X-ray and neutron diffraction, DSC are applied to study the structure and dynamics of crystalline amino acids, small peptides, synthetic polymers, interface layers and biopolymers [73-153]. 

De Carvalho W, Djabourov M (1998) Gelation under shear a dynamic phase transition. In te Nijenhuis K, Mijs WJ (eds) The wiley polymer networks group review Series, vol 1. Wiley, New York... 

In chemical terms, normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds play the role of an extension of the concept of transition states. The reason why it is an extension is as follows. As already explained, transition states in the traditional sense are regarded as normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds in phase space. In addition to them, those saddle points with more than two unstable directions can be considered as normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds. Such saddle points are shown to play an important role in the dynamical phase transition of clusters [14]. Furthermore, as is already mentioned, a normally hyperbolic invariant manifold with unstable degrees of freedom along its tangential directions can be constructed as far as instability of its normal directions is stronger than its tangential ones. For either of the above cases, the reaction paths in the phase space correspond to the normal directions of these manifolds and constitute their stable or unstable manifolds. 

In the development of the electrode surface modification method, nano-regulation of the surface films with inorganic nanoclusters and molecular-level tracking of the dynamic phase transition are highlighted. Eor the in-situ characterization of such electrode surfaces covered with a monolayer-level organic film or organic molecule-nanocluster hybrid film, UV-visible reflectance spectroscopy... 

Remarks on the traveling wave theory of dynamic phase transitions... 

Slemrod, M., Dynamic phase transitions in a van der Walls fluid, J. Diff. Eqns. 52(1984), 1-23. 

Remarks on the Traveling Wave Theory of Dynamic Phase Transitions... 

With respect to the topic of this conference, the work of P.A. Thompson and his collaborators on liquid-vapor interfaces axe most pertinent [11], [41-45], and the thesis of Thompson s Ph.D. student Y.-G. Kim [27]. (Of course dynamic phase transitions and shock splitting are known to occur in other contexts [48].)... 

Grinfeld, M. Topological techniques in dynamic phase transitions. Ph.D. Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. (1986). 

Grinfeld, M. Isothermal dynamic phase transitions existence of cavitation waves . Proc. Royal Society of Edinburgh Sect. A 107A (1987) 153-163. 

Grinfeld, M. Nonisothermal dynamic phase transitions. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics 47 (1989) 71-84. 

Mischiakow,K. Dynamic phase transitions a connection matrix approach. To appear Proc. March 1989, Conference on Equations that Change Type, IMA, Minneapolis, ed. M. Shearer, Springer (1989). 

The properly of reproduction and self organization will only exist for sufficiently complex steins. Towards the design of the artificial catalytic cells a combinatorial, evolutionary process will have to be used. The reahzation of such an evolutionary adaptive process requires stem conditions far from equihbrium and at a state near a critical point, such as those near a dynamic phase transition, where the developments in time and space are undecidable and hence, very sensitive to the choice of initial conditions. 

LC material has a unique set of electrical characteristics that are dependent on their dielectric properties such as complex dielectric constant and dielectric loss. Accurate measurement of these properties can provide valuable information about their molecular arrangement, molecular dynamics, phase transitions and specific intermolecular interactions to suitably incorporate that material into its intended application with improved performance (Parab et al. 2012 Dixit et al. 2013). The dielectric properties of LC are anisotropic it has two components of dielectric constant e along and... 

Case a) illustrates a phase transition in thermal equilibrium and b) a dynamic phase transition far removed from the state of thermal equilibrium. 

Dynamic phase transitions at the ice surfaces and interfaces occur in association with and in connection with the structures of ice surfaces and interfaces rather than the bulk properties of ice and especially with the dynamic behavior of phase transitions during growing and melting of ice crystals. Consequently, research on ice... 

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