Crystalline features

Tlie microscopic and macroscopic properties of asbestos fibers stem from their intrinsic, and sometimes unique, crystalline features. As with all siUcate minerals, the basic building blocks of asbestos fibers are the siUcate tetraliedra wliicli may occur as double chains, as in the ampliiboles, or in... 

The properties of a CNx film strongly depend on the structure of the film. Consequently, the emphasis of characterization for CNx film is naturally put on the structure, bonding configuration, crystalline feature, as well as nitrogen content. The techniques extensively used for the characterization of CNx film are listed in Table 1. 

FIGURE 10.1 (a) Lower magnification TEM images of ITO thin film on polyester substrate in cross-sectional view, (b) atomic-resolution image of ITO film near the surface showing the crystalline feature. 

M. Koyama, J. Sugiyama, and T. Itoh, Systematic survey on crystalline features of algal celluloses, Cellulose, 4 (1997) 147-160. 

As fully described below, sPS has been found to be miscible with aPS, PPE, PYME, TMPC and styrene-l,l-diphenylethylene copolymer. Generally the reported investigations deal with the effect of the second component on crystalline features of sPS, such as polymorphic behavior, crystallization kinetics, morphology and growth rate of crystallites. Just one study reports on toughening sPS by adding suitable components. 

The structures were created by imaging a diffractive gray tone mask onto the polymer surfaces. The experimental details are described in detail elsewhere [326]. The structure in TP (left) is well defined with no debris contaminating the polymer surface, while in the case of PI pronounced contamination in the surroundings of the structure is visible. A closer inspection (not shown) reveals that contaminants are also present inside the structure and that the structure exhibits a lower resolution. Raman microscopy has been used to analyze the deposited debris in the surroundings of the ablation crater. The debris consists mainly of amorphous carbon with some crystalline features. 

Crystalline features of the clay minerals can probably be used as geothermal indicators. The correlation of the temperatures calculated from the reaction of I/M and the appearance of chlorite Ilb in the Paleozoic sediments of the southern Oued el-Mya Basin with the (uncorrected) values measured in the boreholes revealed that the enclosing sediments in the past had experienced temperatures some 30-40 C higher than those obtained from diagraphic data. 

When the water has been driven off, the residue still retains some of the crystalline features of the original kaolin mineral, and is therefore called meta-kaolin . Chemically, however, it behaves as if it were simply a mixture of finely divided silica and alumina. 

Leaching/ stirring of one polymorphic form (solvates, anhydrous, hydrates, amorphous form) in a particular solvent (polar or nonpolar) at a varied length of time and temperature, is also a common technique used to discover a new polymorph or to get a desired polymorph. Although the solid does not dissolve, the crystalline features of solids do change, simply by leaching. 

Observed Ramen modes exhibit decreased intensity and increased bandwidth in comparison with analogous crystalline features. 

In 2006, a facile method for trapping the crosslinked PLCPs in surface microstructures via micropatterning was reported [42]. The confinement of crosslinked PLCP materials into surface monodomains enables the formation of reversible shape-shifting surface patterns. Upon the irradiation of UV light, the crosslinked PLCP monodomains were photoinduced into an isotropic state, resulting in a feature to switch between imprinted circular feature and anisotropic liquid crystalline feature. 

Figure 4, Results from image analysis. Top area coverage (%) of crystalline features at each points of interest. Bottom cell density ( of cells per 1.2 mm ) at each points of interest. — image comprised of324 points from 22x22 mm sample, each point is 1,200 x 1,000 pm size).

Figure 5. Number of cells observed within distance (/jm) from a PCL-crystalline feature of area (jum ).

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