Crystal industrial

A A Diethylamino)phenol. This derivative (16) forms rhombic bipyramidal crystals. Industrial synthesis is analogous to the previously described synthesis of 3-(/V,/V-dimethy1amino)pheno1 from resorciaol and diethylamiae, by reaction of 3-(Ai,A/-diethylamiQo)benzenesulfonic acid with sodium hydroxide, or by alkylation of 3-amiaophenol hydrochloride with ethanol. 

Recovery Process. Figure 5 shows a typical scheme for processing sodium chlodde. There are two main processes. One is to flood solar ponds with brine and evaporate the water leaving sodium chlodde crystallized on the pond floor. The other is to artificially evaporate the brine in evaporative crystallizers. Industrial salt is made from solar ponds, whereas food-grade salt, prepared for human consumption, is mosdy produced in the crystallizers. 

Budz, J., Jones, A.G. and Mullin, J.W., 1987a. On the size-shape dependence of potassium sulphate crystals. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 26, 820-824. 

Garside, J. and Shah, M.B., 1980. Crystallization kinetics from MSMPR crystallizers. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 19, 509-514. 

Girolami, M.W. and Rousseau, R.W., 1985. Initial breeding in seeded batch crystallizers. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 25, 66-70. 

Kubota, N., Akazawa, K. and Shimizu, K., 1990. Kinetics of BaC03 precipitation in an MSMPR crystallizer. Industrial Crystallization 90. Gamiiscli-Partenkirclien, September 1990. Ed. A. Mersmann, Diisseldorf GVC.VDI, pp. 199-204. 

Ottens, E.P.K and de Jong, E.J., 1973. A Model for Secondary Nucleatioii in a Stirred Vessel Cooling Crystallizer. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Eundamentals, 12, 179-184. 

Randolph, A.D., 1969. Effect of crystal breakage on crystal size distribution from a mixed-suspension crystallizer. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 8, 58. 

White, E.T. and A.D. Randolph, "Optimum Fines Size for Classification in Double Draw-Off Crystallizers," Industrial and Engineering Chemistiy Research, No. 3,28. 276 (1989). 

Use and exposure Diborane is a colorless gas at room temperature with a repulsive, sweet odor. It mixes well with air and easily forms explosive mixtures. Diborane will ignite spontaneously in moist air at room temperature and can cause explosions. Diborane is used in rocket propellants and as a reducing agent, a rubber vulcanizer, a catalyst for hydrocarbon polymerization, a flame-speed accelerator, and a doping agent. Diborane is a very toxic and flammable gas used by chemists to make other compounds. It is also used in electronics to impart electrical properties in pure crystals. Industrial workers are exposed to diborane by breathing in its vapors in work areas. - ... 

Cubic sodium chloride crystals that pack in a bricklike fashion have been found to exhibit greater density than the dendritic crystals. In addition, reduced slip between dendritic crystals made rearrangement difficult and resulted in greater loss of compaction force to the die wall. Ibuprofen is generally crystallized industrially from hexane in the form of elongated needlelike crystals. This shape has been found to be unsuitable for tableting because of the poor flow properties. Equidimensional crystals obtained using methanol have been reported to possess better compaction features... 

This principle has been successfully utilized in an industrial application to achieve a small average particle size (3-5 microns) and a narrow PSD. For impinging jet crystallization, industrial operation is described by Midler et al. (1994), with vtuiants by Lindrud et al. (2001) (impinging jet crystallization with sonication) and by Am Ende et al. (2003) (specific reference to reactive crystallization). Laboratory studies are reported by Mahajan and Kirwan (1996), Benet et al. (1999), Condon (2001), and Hacherl (Condon) (2003), Johnson (2003) and Johnson and Prud homme (2003) report on the use of impinging jets to produce nanoparticles stabilized by block copolymers. 

Crystallization—Industrial applications. 2. Pharmaceutical chemistry. 3. Pharmaceutical industry. 

Discussion of methods, substrate synthesis, continuous process, membrane reactor, enzyme deactivation Development phases, route comparison, test of many alternative methods, technical catalyst preparation, process optimization, ee enrichment via crystallization, industrial assessment... 

Lubrications and lubricants—Congresses. 2. Liquid crystals— Industrial applications—Congresses. 

The technique of doping with enantiopure organic compounds is widely used in the liquid crystal industry. However, the hehcal potential of hexacoordinated transition metal complexes has been little explored. Nevertheless, the chiral induction power of... 

An entertaining account of the history of the quartz crystal industry in the U.S [6] indicates the critical role that quartz resonators played in the development of radio... 

V.E. Bottom, A History of the Quartz Crystal Industry in the USA, IEEE Proceedings of the 35th Annual Frequency Control Symposium, 35 (1981) 3. 

In comparison with the use of diamond as a cutting tool material, the consumption of diamond for non-cutting applications is small. Nevertheless, high-quality-single crystal industrial diamond is often the only suitable material for specific tasks, due to its outstanding mechanieal, optical, electrical, chemical or thermal properties. 

Chianese, A., Di Cave, S. and Mazzarotta, B. (1990) Encrustation throughout sodium perborate crystallization. Industrial Crystallization 90 (11th Symposium), A. Mers-mann (ed.), Garmish, FRG, 453 58. 

Gaikar, V.G., Mahapatra, A. and Sharma, M.M. (1989) Separation of close boiling point mixtures through dissociation extractive crystallization. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 28, 199-204. 

McCandless, F.P. (1980) Separation of Cg alkylbenzenes by induced extractive crystallization. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development, 19, 612-616. 

Saeman, W.C., McCamy, I.W. and Houston, E.C. (1952) Production of ammonium nitrate by continuous vacuum crystallization. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 44, 1912-1915. 

Seavoy, G.E. and Caldwell, H.B. (1940) Vacuum and mechanical crystallizers. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 32, 627-636. 

Svanoe, H. 1940. Krystal Classifyir Crystallizer, Industrial and Engi neermg Chemistry, 32(5) 636. 

It is known that macromolecules of polycarbonate (PC) are characterized by a great rigidity, limited by the rotation of aromatic nuclear and due to this reason they are weakly tend to crystallization. Industrial PC is a vitreous polymer which has both short and long range ordering areas. The degree of crystallity does not usually overcome 10-15 %, and it can reach 30-40% only after special treatment of specimens [2]. 

Here we discuss the two most hotly pursued areas in the liquid-crystal industry crystal displays and electronic devices. 

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