Crystal effects

Diameter control. Parameter 6, is important to the final quality of the obtained crystal. The sides of the crystal need to be straight because they reflect the regularity of the lattice planes within the crystal. Effects of deviation from "correct growing conditions on the quality of the crystal so-produced are shown in the following diagram, given as 6.4.8. on the next page. 

The asymmetry of the peak intensities can provide useful information in structural analysis. The asymmetry can be ascribed to the Gordanskii effect (J8), relaxation phenomena (6), or the crystal effect (37). The Gordanskii effect was observed in a number of derivatives of... 

ISO 6471 1994 Rubber, vulcanized - Determination of crystallization effects under compression ISO 3387 1994 Rubber - Determination of crystallization effects by hardness measurements... 

The final measure of crystallization effects is assessed by appropriate rigorous stability data (for example, 6 months accelerated stability at 40°C and 75% RH). This may seem excessive, but measuring the degree of crystallinity is inherently difficult because of low analytical sensitivity (for example, of amorphous components below 5% w/w), and pure single-phase standards are difficult to prepare and subsequently measure. 

An important observation was that the position of the coalesced peak (doublet) did not coincide with the average of the four low-temperature peaks this point is discussed in detail in the following section. The doubUng was not related to any crystal effects, because measurements with powders exhibited a similar sphtting [26]. 

Finnegan, W. G., and R. L. Pitter, Ion-Induced Charge Separations in Growing Single Ice Crystals Effects on Growth and Interaction Processes, J. Colloid Interface ScL, 189, 322-327 (1997). 

M. lizima and Y. Moriwaki, In vitro study of the formation mechanism of tooth enamel apatite crystals - Effects of organic matrices on crystal growth of octacalcium phosphate(OCP),/.Japan. Assoc. Crystal Growth, 26,1999,175-83 (in Japanese with English abstract)... 

A is approximately twice the observed covalent radius of lithium, and both the Li—C distance and the Li—C—Li angle are reminiscent of the trimethylaluminum structure previously described. In the two tetra-mers for which structural data are available, the Li—Li distances are substantially shorter in the range of 2.4 to 2.6 A with Li—C distances in the 2.2-2.5 A range. Crystallization effects may play a substantial role in the ethyllithium system since this compound is hexameric in noninteracting solvents but crystallizes in the tetrameric form. 

The LIDA concept, discussed above, has demonstrated the potential of organic dyes for use in high density optical recording systems. However, it is apparent that the contrast density is marginal, particularly in the reflection mode. Furthermore, vacuum deposited dyes are also subject to crystallization effects which lead to focussing and archival problems. 

Fig. 146. Anomalous scattering in a non-centrosymmetrie crystal. Effect on -f and — reflections. Left representation of amplitudes and phases of waves. Right corresponding vector diagrams (scale of amplitudes doubled), a and b 002 and 002 reflections of structure of Fig. 145, when scattering is normal for both atoms, c and d the same reflections when scattering is anomalous for atom giving wave E.

In the early literature it is suggested that polycarbonates can be easily plasticized with common plasticizers. Plasticization of polycarbonate has been investigated by Kozlov et al. (12). These authors described the influence of plasticization on softening points and mechanical properties of bisphenol A polycarbonates. They conclude that the behavior of plasticized polycarbonate is similar to that encountered for most amorphous polymers. The influence of crystallization effects promoted by the plasticizer was not taken into account. 

Fig. 23 A graphical summary of liquid crystal nanoscience summarized in this review. This chart shows the link between nanoparticles (their size, shape, and coating) and liquid crystals, effects induced in liquid crystal phases, as well as nanoparticle mesomorphism (NP nanoparticle, LC liquid crystal, QD quantum dot)...

Fraction II is recrystallized. From traction III o chloronitrobenzene is isolated by crystallization, effected by slow cooling to 15-18°C for about 80 hr. 

Table 1. Thermal analysis glass transition temperatures and crystallization effects (melt temperatures of crystallites)...

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