Garnets crystal field effect

Struve B, Huber G (1985) The effect of the crystal-field strength on the optical-spectra of Cr " in gallium garnet laser crystals. Appl Phys B Photophysics Laser Chem 36 195-201... 

Lupei V, Lupei A, Gheorghe C, Gheorghe L, Achim A, Ikesue A (2012) Crystal field disorder effects in the optical spectra of Nd " and Yb -doped calcium lithium niobium gallium garnets laser crystals and ceramics. J Appl Phys 112 063110... 

Current research in the field of metamorphism ranges from studies of the chemical composition of single crystals within metamorphic rocks (garnet, for example) to the mysteries of metamorphic rocks that form at extremely high pressure, presumably deep within the Earth, and now exist at Earth s surface without changes in the minerals in the rocks as the pressure decreased during uplift to the surface. The effects of fluids on metamorphism continue to attract the attention of researchers. 

The relaxation mechanism, connected with the random thermal excitation of the host lanthanide ions in VV paramagnets, proves to be effective for impurity ions too. We list the results of the relaxation rate measurements for a number of impurity lanthanide ions in TmES and LiTmF4 crystals (Aminov et al. 1986, 1989) (table 18). As for other investigations in this field, we may refer only to papers by Rimai and Bierig (1964), Rachford and Huang (1971), and Antipin et al. (1979) and only in the first of these papers was the influence of thuliiun ions on spin-lattice relaxation of Fe ions in thulium garnets observed with certainty. 

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