Crystallization electric field effects

Gignoux, D., Givord, F., Lemaire, R. Paper No. L4, Second International Conf. on Crystal Electric Field Effects in Metals and Alloys, Zurich (1976). 

The specific resistivity of ferromagnetic YbNiSn was investigated for a single crystal (Bonville et al. 1992). From these measurements it is evident that the specific resistivity is the highest in the c-direction (fig. 15), where the ferromagnetie moments lie. Also the Kondo minimum and the crystal electric field effects are pronounced in this direetion. 

Luthi, B., 1974, Proc. 1st Conf. Crystal Electric Field Effects in Metals and Alloys, ed. R.A.B. Devine (Universite de Montreal). 

Luthi, B., M. Niksch, R. Takke, W. Assmus and W. Grill, 1982, in Crystal Electric Field Effects in f-Electron Magnetism, eds Guer-... 

The electrical resistivities of the dense Kondo systems CeNiln, CePdln, and CePtln have been measured under hydrostatic pressures up to 19 kbar (Kurisu et al., 1990). The Kondo temperature of CeNiln and CePtln shifts linearly with pressure to higher temperatures at rates of 2.3 and 1.5 K/kbar, respectively. For CePdIn, the pressures were not high enough to reach the CePtln or CeNiln state. Measurements of the elastic properties of CePdln reveal that all elastic constants exhibit softening at low temperatures due to the crystal electric field effect and the antiferromagnetic ordering (Suzuki et al., 1990). 

Porosity through thin dielectric films on metallic substrates may be measured by corrosion (liquid gas), selective chemical dissolution (electrographic printing - solution analysis), electrochemical decoration, anodic current measurement, gas bubble generation (electrolytic), liquid crystal (electric field) effects, and absorption (dyes - liquid or gaseous radioactive material). 

Electric field effects in DFT, 76-77, 98-100, 145-146 Electrochemical Quartz Crystal... 

The pressure-dependent electrical resistivity of the heavy-fermion compound YbNi2B2C (see also Section 4.12) could be explained by competing contributions from crystal-electric-field splitting and Kondo effect (Oomi et al., 2006). The pressure-dependent room-temperature thermoelectric power of YNi2B2C exhibits a peak around 2 GPa, which was explained by changes in the Fermi-surface topology (Meenakshi et al., 1998). A possible correlation with a small peak in the temperature-dependent thermopower around 200 K (Fisher et al., 1995 Section 3.4.3) needs further investigation. 

The theory of quadratic variations in optical activity with respect to the electric field strength was first formulated for macromolecules by Tinoco and Hammerle," and then developed by others." The earliest e qperi ments are due to Tinoco in solutions of poly-y-L-sJutamate in ethjdene dichloride of late, this experiment has been extended to transient optical rotation changes by Jennings and Baily." Also, electric field effects on the optical rotatory power of a compensated cholesteric liquid crystal have been stuped." ... 

Theoretical calculations of an [H3N H- NH3]+ system have shown that when the N - N distance is 2.75 A, the potential curve has two minima with a barrier of 10.9 klrnol with a decrease in the distance to ca 2.50 A, the barrier disappears. As seen in Table 5, the minimal N N distance for proton sponge cations is 2.54-2.55 A, i.e. none of the compounds has a symmetrical barrier-free H-bond. Indeed, in 80% of cases, the X-ray studies on salts of proton sponge 1 have revealed an asymmetric hydrogen bridge with the distances N—H and N - H in the ranges 0.84-1.27 A and 1.42-1.86 A, respectively. It is believed that such strong variations are due to the influence of the anion, either by an electric field effect or by structural changes in the crystal lattice. 

In elemental (homonuclear) crystals with cubic symmetry, the LO and TO branches are degenerate at q = 0 (the T point of the BZ), and the phonons at that point are denoted as O(T). The situation is different in compound crystals, where the energy of the LO branch is larger than that of the TO branch. This difference in compound crystals is attributed to the contribution of an electric field effect to the restoring forces, and it can be shown that at q = 0 ... 

Electric field effects have been studied in cholesteric liquid crystals by Muller (17) and Harper (9). Since the structure for this phase is different from the nematic phase, their work and the work discussed in this article cannot be compared at this time. 

Recently, Orlov (1985, 1986) suggested a crystal potential model for the interpretation of crystalline electric field effects in intermetallics and used it for a discussion of these effects in PrAlj or of the sign and magnitude of the magnetic crystal anisotropy for RXj and R2X15 compounds. This effective crystal potential V(r) has the crystal symmetry and is constructed from experimental data or calculated from first principles it oscillates and decreases rapidly with distance. 

Optics and Electric Field Effects in Nematic and Smectic A Liquid Crystals... 

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