Cryogenic liquid storage

Figure 7.1 Vacuum Jacketed Cryogenic Liquid Storage Tank...

FIGURE 7.1 VACUUM JACKETED CRYOGENIC LIQUID STORAGE TANK.132... 

Temperature measurements have been made in and near the liquid surface during pressurization of cryogenic liquid storage tanks. The temperature-depth gradients were found to be smaller than would be predicted if the bulk liquid were treated as a semi-infinite slab whose surface was increased instantaneously... 

Eberhardt, R.N., Fester, D.A., 1981. Shuttle compatible cryogenic liquid storage and supply systems. In AIAA-81-1509,17th Joint Propulsion Conference, Colorado Springs, CO, July 27-29. 

The increase in the size and production capacity of air separation plants, has led to a growing capacity of cryogenic liquid storage installations at production sites. Therefore, considering the potential hazards associated with liquid products has become a fundamental issue to address, together with the estimation of the effects of a major release of liquid on the local environment, and the development of preventive measures. 

If a cryogenic liquid storage container is left undisturbed for a period of time, a phenomenal side-effect known as thermal stratification may occur. Stratification, or the existence of thermal liquid layers, occurs due to the com-... 

Scurlock, R.G. Heat flows into a cryogenic liquid storage system. In Scurlock, R.G. Low Loss Storage and Handling of Cryogenic Liquids. Kryos, Southampton (2006). Chapter 3... 

In a reasonably well-insulated cryogenic liquid storage vessel, all the heat inflow through the insulation from the roof, walls and base of the vessel is carried to the free liquid surface by convection processes. 

They are widely employed in the manufacture, storage and distribution of liquified gases, particularly on sea and road tankers. The most popular alloy for cryogenic applications is 4.5% magnesium alloy (N8). Table 3.33 gives the boiling points of the most common cryogenic liquids and the minimum temperatures at which various materials can be used. 

Ensure that pipework and control systems are adequate to cope with the pressures associated with storage and conveyance of carbon dioxide, which are higher than those encountered with most other cryogenic liquids. 

Hydrogen can be stored as a gas, a cryogenic liquid, or, in addition, solid-state storage is also possible. A particular problem with liquid hydrogen is boiling off. As the liquid warms, boil off gas is released which must be vented from the storage tank. In confined spaces there is a risk of fire or explosion if contacted by a flame. 

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